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[专八辅导] 专八辅导人文知识冲刺(七)

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发表于 2012-8-14 11:29:10 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  练习题:
& C6 h) {* W* V2 J7 o  1 How many members are there in the House of Commons?# Z: ?+ q$ S7 ]% k% S
  A 650 B 524 C 72 D 6510 c2 }1 F- y* V. ^# W" _
  2 Which of the following people didn’t use to be the British Prime Minister?
8 M3 J  i# W' X  A Margaret Thatcher B Winston Churchill C Horatio Nelson D John Major
- T2 s7 L/ U9 `0 h5 J  3 By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed _____ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom.
. z. T2 U6 s  u4 r$ U2 g9 c- _  A Prime Minister B Member of Parliament
  W8 \( n! V, S2 q  C Lord of appeal D Speaker of the House: q% M) y- ?! \, v% p
  4 The Tories were the forerunners of _____, which still bears this nickname today.! g, p6 }: ^& s# b9 H
  A the Labour Party B the Conservative Party# r+ k" T& `9 K4 g
  C the Liberal Party D the Social Democratic Party3 O5 V7 y5 v& e
  5 In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the ____ number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition.& P8 @, X; r) Y8 y. Y% G2 W1 ^& `
  A largest B second largest C third largest D fourth largest# N3 @9 \8 r, C' b6 c) r& h! g2 m
  6 The term “British disease” is now often used to characterize Britain’s _____ decline.6 s% G5 o$ l" J1 T
  A political B educational C military D economic# h3 N# l+ d' o# y) U8 a7 Y
  7 The 1980s was remembered as the decade of _____.; F8 g: h  p* x( q5 F4 o5 w. n& q
  A globalization B nationalization C privatization D competition
$ N2 a9 x6 ?, c  B( T  8 Today, in Britain, ______ is called a “sick” industry.# G1 U& a/ C' Q3 V# o& Y5 w* w
  A coal mining B iron and steel C textiles D shipbuilding
7 _) C/ c0 A! D+ ?  9 The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor ____ modified and improved the design in 1765.% P+ H1 [; ]  x8 l
  A Abraham Darby B James Watt C John Kay D Richard Arkwrightthe
" q% f- z/ E8 l: k  10 _____ created the industrial working class, the proletariat, and it later led to trade unionism.
2 V, ?; L# t3 [: b: i6 x; D5 v7 e  A The Chartist Movement B The Industrial Revolution& O7 t* i, L! f& g* q; ~
  C The French Revolution D The Glorious Revolution( r" G9 e5 r6 e
  练习题答案及题解:
1 {: k, E* C* k) ?. R) h# `0 |& L  1 D, 下议院共有651名议员。" ?4 [2 ^' k4 A5 B
  2 C, 撒切尔夫人,丘吉尔和梅杰都曾经做过英国首相;而纳尔逊(1758-1805),英国海军统帅,因作战负伤,右眼失明,失去右臂。后任地中海舰队司令,在特法尔加角海战中大败西班牙联合舰队,本人受重伤阵亡,号称 Viscount Nelson。
5 u5 D" X. i( ~% `$ v( w2 o6 W  3 A, 在英国,按照传统,多数党的领导人由君主任命为首相,首相从本党内部挑选一些领导人担任各部部长职位。
! ?% q* b6 E' u  4 B, 托利党是英国保守党的前身。) T# l! ~9 \/ x
  5 B, 在英国,在下议院中赢得第二席位的政党为反对党,它也有它自己的领导和影子内阁(shadow cabinet)。
! R9 p3 [0 g. A# J: v' Y  6 D, 现在“英国病”这一术语经常用来指英国经济上的衰退。, n1 m$ A6 c0 A! E2 u" Q1 }( ^6 U
  7 C, 正如20世纪40年代被看作是国有化的时代一样,20世纪80年代被看作是私有化的时代。包括英国石油、航空、钢铁、电讯在内的几乎40% 的国有公司实现了私有化。. m3 x$ l) p) _% {9 z, ^# D8 R# q8 W
  8 A, 英国煤矿业被称为生病工业。英国的煤产量在一战前达到顶点,如今的英国的煤矿业衰退,从而导致矿工的数量、煤矿的总产量大大下降。' y1 R& k. Q0 m- x/ [% i
  9 B, 第一台蒸汽机是 Thomas Newcomer 在17世纪末设计的,后来苏格兰发明家瓦特在1765年对原有的设计进行了改进提高,生产出了第一台高效的蒸汽机并应用到纺织和其他机械业中。( A" w/ C; H* E& b( {; \4 \' Z
  10 B, 工业革命产生了工人阶级,即无产阶级。后来形成了工会制度
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