When a human infant is born into any community in any part of the2 e O& d0 ?1 ]- n: k: o7 B
world it has two things in common with any infant, provided neither of them __1__4 g" |$ X- T% Y6 t! d2 F0 Z
have been damaged in any way either before or during birth. Firstly, and most __2__8 o9 s2 M, x1 Q# B4 W7 v, ?1 v2 N
obviously, new born children are completely helpless. Apart from a powerful
2 B) h/ R' }, P4 L$ ` capacity to pay attention to their helplessness by using sound, there is nothing __3__
1 V6 {, n: ?4 c0 S$ g% X2 P the new born child can do to ensure his own survival. Without care from some
7 y% W) a, o7 b: R9 Z other human being or beings, be it mother, grandmother, or human group, a! ]; u, e& l+ z/ D
child is very unlikely to survive. This helplessness of human infants is in marked
; u/ s+ Z2 w" e% E: L4 t% e& r contrast with the capacity of many new born animals to get on their feet within __4__
# m& {# {$ m7 Q minutes of birth and run with the herd within a few hours. Although young
0 v6 @$ ~9 ?, ]) q6 S- O. O( E; s* [ animals are certainly in risk, sometimes for weeks or even months after birth, __5__
( ~" L3 _3 l9 H% K compared with the human infant, they very quickly develop the capacity to6 h, X! G) h, O& p% ]: k
fend for them. __6__
8 ^: q5 [% |" o) I- h4 I It is during this very long period in which the human infant is totally
3 w. i3 j& M9 y5 m; T dependent on the others that it reveals the second feature which it shares with all __7__) n( p; C2 C0 { y% n( J
other undamaged human infants, a capacity to learn language. For this reason,
# a! l/ z2 q- G! g biologists now suggest that language be “ species specific” to the human race, __8__
, a1 X. B+ B7 F3 C3 r that is to say, they consider the human infant to be genetic programmed in __9__
1 I% y0 G9 r$ R$ E7 b4 m$ \ such way that it can acquire language. This suggestion implies that just __10__; I/ O- q9 u7 ^. p, v% h
as human beings are designed to see three-dimensionally and in color and just( n8 ^ S) n0 A) `" R- a) k
as they are designed to stand upright rather than to move on all fours, so they
4 s7 M% Z; O7 N- f% x5 a are designed to learn and use language as part of their normal development as0 ^* B# {: Q# n
well-formed human beings. |
发表于 2012-8-14 11:29:10
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