Changes in climate that had already taken place are manifested __1__
8 }/ E9 ?" p8 g+ l from the decrease in extent and thickness of Arctic sea ice, perma- __2__1 d, h2 r/ E/ M8 ?
frost thawing, coastal erosion, changes in ice sheets and ice8 p6 c; V4 S7 u8 q5 R* |
shelves, altered distribution and abundance of species. __3__, x" l3 K1 ~2 q" {/ Q# g
Nowadays snows melt earlier in the springtime. Lakes, rivers
+ A a" E) L5 E6 g2 D( A and bogs freeze much more later in the autumn. Reindeer herding __4__* n4 J, K9 {: i6 r2 R
becomes more difficult so the ice is weak and may give way. __5__
/ [* K, z& h, |/ E5 O Nowadays winters are much colder than they used to be. __6__2 h( U( | a9 W0 h( Z6 r5 E
Occasionally during winter time it rains. We never expected this;. I% |' `' D8 S+ I" f# @. g
we could not be ready for this. It is very strange. The cycle of the
5 ^6 n/ U m7 M yearly calendar has been disturbed greatly. Warming over northern
+ c9 d$ w4 G2 a land areas has been very greater than elsewhere in the world. The __7__
7 S- S0 C3 w- L changes are due to human modification of the concentration of q, |; g! t: V7 f# W* _, O$ L
greenhouse gases during the 20th century, leading quite directly to the( ? [, b8 S2 \* g0 o
projections the Artic will warm by several times as much during the __8__
7 ^& d" [0 B+ [7 V 21st century as it did during the 20th century. The amplified warming& l. l+ R6 P" {) _
in Arctic, in turn, directly contributes to overall global warming, as __9__
0 }& [, I" J# S4 [' x0 A6 V well as cause changes that create impacts over the rest of the globe. __10__
5 H4 M# o, J4 y2 d) V6 h1 S) f0 s 答案及解析:. a& K7 V& d( O9 K. Y. J# b4 l6 |
1.had-have
) I0 ^3 ]+ o9 {( w( C( o3 ~ 这里没有语境表明这个动作或者状态发生在过去某个时间点以前,所以用过去完成体不合适。
; p2 ` `2 s6 Y2 l! L 2.from-in
1 j6 o. K" T6 P manifest something in something 意思是“在……方面表现出来”。例如:* Z' N1 r- L" H
His frustration manifested itself in his silence and inactiveness。* z" G) o0 i* h3 }! n
3.^altered-and
8 r/ }+ ^) u% @' T/ O8 W' a 这里要看出并列的几个名次词组是 extend and thickness…、permafrost thawing、coastal erosion、changes in ice sheets and ice shelves、altered distribution and abundance of species,三个斜体的and并不是连接这几个并列项的,所以必须在最后一项altered distribution and abundance of species前加上并列连词and。, R, j o. D; H6 W
4.more-/1 i0 K! t1 _& H8 R& i! C
later本身已经是比较级,不用再加more。) F1 W. L) L$ u5 c+ U6 D. V- s
5.so-as/since
% b! E- e& z' Y6 p3 L- o' W6 b4 G 这里要理清主从句的因果关系,从上下文看,应该说“冰层变薄”是因,“放牧驯鹿变得困难”是果,所以应该把so 改成as或since。' r+ @8 I* E, u; H$ h2 H
6.colder-warmer$ H1 X( p. U. b
文章谈的是气候变暖问题。“冬季变冷”显然是与整个文章的逻辑不符。9 i1 b: r6 v% e1 ?- d
7.very-/8 ?/ j9 s8 k4 G! {
very不修饰形容词或者副词的比较级。(觉得这里把very 改为much 也没问题)
! H- m! _( L8 s* L3 d; k; ?0 _ 8.projections^-that
1 q' |$ V2 A2 g3 X projections后面的从句是同位语从句,同位语从句的引导词that不可以省略。
g/ o8 t- P$ e4 s4 U 9.^Arctic-the
& b1 ?3 v" h! _( { “北极”Arctic前要加定冠词。; r* u' L; t, J
10.cause-causing5 Q+ y) T. Y. F7 X l* W
as well as相当于介词,其后不直接跟动词,应该是名次或动词-ing分词 |