英语专业八级改错练习题及答案解析(六十六)

会计考友

　　　　Is language, as food, a basic human need? Judging __1__
　　from the drastic experiment of Frederick in the
- g4 o5 N$ {$ P5 L# w" e　　13th century it may be. Hoping to discover what
$ h( l- J" G, D) o! c4 g, k　　language a child would speak if he heard mother __2__
4 u+ L8 F! m9 G6 H+ `0 b+ \　　tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.
: C1 n' b) X% S& i  F　　Today no such drastic deprivation exists as ordered __3__
. Y# t& D$ G$ W* N$ ^* \　　by Frederick. Furthermore, some children are still __4__
　　backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this
5 f3 ]& C+ g# C: j# G, B　　is that the mother is insensitive to the cues and
　　signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to
/ i9 K) a0 v) ?5 B3 e2 U' q　　mop up language rapidly. There are critical times, it
  A& u, S! H! K1 o　　seems, when children learn more readily. If these
　　sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for
8 h. H5 e7 }* D% q# Q7 S7 z　　acquiring skills passes away and they might never be __5__
! w* U$ K' g" g5 e$ B% l9 d" L* c　　learned so easily again.
$ R9 p; T6 \# z6 }7 n　　Linguists suggest that speech milestones are reached
/ L# _4 u/ r9 r  A0 ^　　in a fixed sequence and at a constant age. But there
　　are cases where speech has started late in a child
　　who eventually turns up to be of high IQ. Recent __6__
9 I4 r* e: [+ s1 q: f　　evidence suggests that an infant is born of the __7__
: v, v- p0 P4 o( q7 o+ n" M) Y- x　　capacity to speak. But speech has to be triggered,
) c( a/ o% Q' K9 \　　and this depends on interaction between the mother
　　and the child,where the mother realizes the cues and __8__
　　signals in the child's babbling, grasping, crying,
　　smiling, and responds to it. Insensitivity of the __9__
　　mother to these signals dulls the interation because
* @4 t0 u- x. I" h# K　　the child gets discouraged and sends out only obvious
　　signals. Sensitivity to the child's verbal cues is __10__
　　essential to the growth and development of language.
　　答案及解析:
　　1.as--like
4 ]5 F9 U$ d4 m* J. R0 y3 q2 [; d$ P( b　　作为介词，as是“作为”的意思；like是“像……一样”的意思。as用在此处显然句意不通。
, M  d& @; ?% x9 ^　　2.^mother--no
# H/ T: ]9 @( j4 N7 A; `　　根据下文提到的he told the nurses to keep silent 可以判断出，此处应该为if he heard no mother tongue，即：如果听不到母语，孩子会讲什么语言。
# I) @* d+ S6 k7 n2 X' N　　3.as^--that
' I8 l- L! g% {3 D$ z$ f　　句中的as是一个介词，后面缺少宾语，后面添加的that替代the deprivation，而ordered by Frederick 是一个过去分词短语，做定语修饰that。
　　4..Furthermore--Neverthless/However
+ f6 f- H. Q# }9 t! U　　Furthermore表示的是递进关系，而这一句话与前一句话明显构成的是转折关系。
4 V- \% k2 d4 }% E- q　　5.away--动词pass是指“经过，通过，流逝”，而pass away是指“去世，死亡”，用在此处不和文意。
　　6.up--out
9 S5 c, b2 }0 c6 o$ ^" @& q. k2 L- `　　短语turn up的意思是“出现，找到”，而turn out 的意思是“结果证明是……”，这句话的意思是说：有些情况是说话比较迟的孩子，最终却被证明智商很高。
; J7 H: X" M$ a( E+ g　　7.of--with
　　be born with...意思是“与生俱来的...”是一固定短语搭配。
　　8.realizes--recognizes
　　realize意思是“认识到，了解”，recognize的意思是“识别，认可”，可见recognize符合文章意思：语言需要激发，而这取决于母亲和孩子之间的互动，在互动当中，母亲识别孩子的牙牙学语声和笑声哭声中的暗示和信号。
0 A( [7 r7 b* M- N5 I2 F　　9.it--them
　　此处指代的词是cues and signals，所以，代词应该用复数形式them。
　　10.verbal--nonverbal
　　根据上文判断，babbling，prasping，crying，smiling均为非言语信号，所以是nonverbal。