英语专业八级改错练习题及答案解析(六十六)

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　　　　Is language, as food, a basic human need? Judging __1__
　　from the drastic experiment of Frederick in the
　　13th century it may be. Hoping to discover what
: F+ g, t* \2 h: f　　language a child would speak if he heard mother __2__
- z6 o5 K+ R* q$ z+ j　　tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.
, T7 U! I9 m1 k" b  P　　Today no such drastic deprivation exists as ordered __3__
　　by Frederick. Furthermore, some children are still __4__
　　backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this
3 K; }* o' N* E" ]　　is that the mother is insensitive to the cues and
　　signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to
5 E' k4 P( d; ?8 j- a　　mop up language rapidly. There are critical times, it
7 \  m, K% {- p8 S' s6 A, V　　seems, when children learn more readily. If these
0 b8 v! B$ E4 P& P( Q/ V% D4 G( d　　sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for
　　acquiring skills passes away and they might never be __5__
　　learned so easily again.
　　Linguists suggest that speech milestones are reached
　　in a fixed sequence and at a constant age. But there
　　are cases where speech has started late in a child
) L& ?. ~+ f# y9 \: @% t+ ~　　who eventually turns up to be of high IQ. Recent __6__
) j) T" V: w+ W2 C7 z　　evidence suggests that an infant is born of the __7__
　　capacity to speak. But speech has to be triggered,
9 L9 V1 V+ t& I# Q　　and this depends on interaction between the mother
+ m: i% \. F- b6 i4 G' I! K　　and the child,where the mother realizes the cues and __8__
7 }: e, `3 B9 M8 M& q; f% C+ o: A　　signals in the child's babbling, grasping, crying,
2 c1 f( X, K  V5 A3 ^  U　　smiling, and responds to it. Insensitivity of the __9__
　　mother to these signals dulls the interation because
　　the child gets discouraged and sends out only obvious
% S" N. Y4 _6 G% b) a　　signals. Sensitivity to the child's verbal cues is __10__
% X. N; B2 V7 ?# Y, C% N5 h　　essential to the growth and development of language.
　　答案及解析:
2 q, H. [5 B3 l) }+ {, z; ^3 a　　1.as--like
　　作为介词，as是“作为”的意思；like是“像……一样”的意思。as用在此处显然句意不通。
　　2.^mother--no
　　根据下文提到的he told the nurses to keep silent 可以判断出，此处应该为if he heard no mother tongue，即：如果听不到母语，孩子会讲什么语言。
) v0 `  \; K6 R8 Q6 p- g9 s5 a　　3.as^--that
　　句中的as是一个介词，后面缺少宾语，后面添加的that替代the deprivation，而ordered by Frederick 是一个过去分词短语，做定语修饰that。
　　4..Furthermore--Neverthless/However
　　Furthermore表示的是递进关系，而这一句话与前一句话明显构成的是转折关系。
　　5.away--动词pass是指“经过，通过，流逝”，而pass away是指“去世，死亡”，用在此处不和文意。
　　6.up--out
　　短语turn up的意思是“出现，找到”，而turn out 的意思是“结果证明是……”，这句话的意思是说：有些情况是说话比较迟的孩子，最终却被证明智商很高。
　　7.of--with
. E7 U  u, {, }- \( y3 `$ Z　　be born with...意思是“与生俱来的...”是一固定短语搭配。
1 v3 t; Z4 j' k3 n, t' P. v: {　　8.realizes--recognizes
9 N) D' S1 N' _. H, z　　realize意思是“认识到，了解”，recognize的意思是“识别，认可”，可见recognize符合文章意思：语言需要激发，而这取决于母亲和孩子之间的互动，在互动当中，母亲识别孩子的牙牙学语声和笑声哭声中的暗示和信号。
8 v8 S* F! N; |( |1 P4 f; ~, c　　9.it--them
　　此处指代的词是cues and signals，所以，代词应该用复数形式them。
+ }' v" Y0 w, g0 N　　10.verbal--nonverbal
　　根据上文判断，babbling，prasping，crying，smiling均为非言语信号，所以是nonverbal。