Traditionally, the American farmer has always been
. W2 I6 w( p& ?: z9 U, ]" A independent and hard-working. In the eighteenth century farmers3 r( {3 ?3 R7 p
were quite self-sufficient. The farm family grew and made almost% k: \. e( ^/ Q" p5 F/ X' C
nothing it needed. The surplus crop would be sold to buy a new __1__
2 F% x# `* l1 n items in the local general store.8 S' p/ Q9 ~; A
In 1860, because some of the farm population had moved to __2__
+ N* L: r" F8 x; Y/ K3 L the city, yet eighty percent of the American population was still in. O' v- Q; }0 c
the country. In the late nineteen century, farm work and life __3__
* g! Y% T: M2 W* A4 o# @) _2 A: K were not much changed from that they had been in old days. The __4__& c3 l. R- E0 i4 j; r0 r. h6 ]+ m
farmer aroused at dawn or before and had much work to do, with __5__
, z( v( M- Y% f5 _; @6 ?1 ~; @ his own muscles like his chief source of power. He used axes, __6__7 j. ^( T) E& i& G. U3 N* W
spades and other complicated tools. In his house cooking was done __7__
. B5 v2 ?4 g" D: o7 p in wood-burning stoves, and the kerosene lamp was the only
3 \, x" f4 R4 f1 i9 @6 N( z" J improvement on the candle. The family's recreation and social life
/ i3 D+ e7 A# ~7 v$ q8 d% E chiefly consisted a drive in the wagon to the nearby small town or __8__
: g$ ]# `) X. K# I& R( Y village to transact some business as well as to chat with neighbors
; V' x* [% P: O! K9 b0 Q who had also come to town." e9 g2 x, G0 c. T; l" C
The children attended a small elementary school (often of
% M' |$ z$ w% k0 r! ? just one room) to that they had to walk every day, possibly for a __9__ V' w* D2 \' u+ G. Y
few miles. The school term was short so that the children could
! j) `5 T% q, H% @ o6 y not help on the farm. Although the whole family worked, and life __10__
& l) C Z4 }7 @8 ?* S: x/ B1 z7 G was not easy, farmers as a class were self-reliant and independent. |