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[专八辅导] 专业考试指导:美国文学简史(六)

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发表于 2012-8-14 11:29:10 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  Chapter 4 American Naturalism
' J! O% Q# q2 I: T  I.                   Background
( k  y& F: F  u- y1 v2 m  1.         Darwin’s theory: “natural selection”
& f# t: _9 n4 c; P. S  2.         Spenser’s idea: “social Darwinism”5 X* K1 f/ r' {, [+ z' C
  3.         French Naturalism: Zora
8 ~% w; m  `% k+ E/ l0 U: K7 O  II.                Features
* n: z, E) p4 T/ p8 i  1.         environment and heredity
1 e3 A- I2 v/ e) Q* F  2.         scientific accuracy and a lot of details0 H7 H  p7 R2 W! P) f
  3.         general tone: hopelessness, despair, gloom, ugly side of the society1 d( b4 c2 J4 c! D
  III.             significance
/ h, F' E: @2 e" |% H- ?, z6 f  It prepares the way for the writing of 1920s’ “lost generation” and T. S. Eliot.
3 q) ]9 V* Y, c+ j6 Q) y% y: e  IV.              Theodore Dreiser( D7 ?* R" Q; e, T
  1.         life
4 Y9 a* m8 V5 Z1 e  2.         works! C- v! e+ m. I8 l1 N" I8 _  Q7 u
  (1)      Sister Carrie5 z/ v0 {8 `9 E8 P
  (2)      The trilogy: Financier, The Titan, The Stoic5 S" j6 D% Z! ^) |, D% @! ]
  (3)      Jennie Gerhardt
' L/ w7 Y. }0 g  (4)      American Tragedy
& z  H+ X, F. \% w  (5)      The Genius
$ M+ _; ]4 ^) g: b7 [$ w6 L* b  3.         point of view
4 B4 D5 m9 n8 r! q" F3 @  (1)      He embraced social Darwinism – survival of the fittest. He learned to regard man as merely an animal driven by greed and lust in a struggle for existence in which only the “fittest”, the most ruthless, survive.4 t) J' p, [! k" q4 o2 W7 I+ y
  (2)      Life is predatory, a “game” of the lecherous and heartless, a jungle struggle in which man, being “a waif and an interloper in Nature”, a “wisp in the wind of social forces”, is a mere pawn in the general scheme of things, with no power whatever to assert his will.
' q7 Z& }2 m3 v: y  (3)      No one is ethically free; everything is determined by a complex of internal chemisms and by the forces of social pressure.
+ V$ S- _; C* w1 ~) ]  4.         Sister Carrie
) y, l: F0 P2 I  (1)      Plot
! b# G& r+ u& N/ W; R. S/ `  (2)      Analysis' B0 Q/ T% P0 L9 N" M4 o7 z
  5.         Style0 J( c# E$ f/ j8 }3 m7 C
  (1)      Without good structure( c7 @- b. Y: ~$ ?; f
  (2)      Deficient characterization! x8 L/ C/ l& |+ r, U0 ~5 s
  (3)      Lack in imagination
% v2 x; u; N+ ^2 T! W  (4)      Journalistic method
" k+ `- N9 B/ V2 M* Z- y  (5)      Techniques in painting
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