a我考网

 找回密码
 立即注册

QQ登录

只需一步,快速开始

扫一扫,访问微社区

查看: 126|回复: 0

[人文知识] 专八人文知识辅导:大英帝国的兴衰(3)

[复制链接]
发表于 2012-8-14 11:42:11 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
 3.Typical examples of the inventions during the Industrial Revolution
! P5 N, r) G: u3 \! g8 V  工业革命中一些重大创新
7 G) |$ @% e; ?  S. |! q+ G  (1) John Kay's flying shuttle in 1733;
8 O* a8 ?- x! }& B  1733年,约翰凯的飞梭;
7 ^1 V4 ?8 X  [1 T* A  (2) James Hargreaves' Spinning Jenny in 1766;
3 X: ?# p6 {1 z) G& v6 x  1766年詹姆士哈格里夫斯詹妮纺纱机;& u. g; \6 [' j8 ]/ t' p0 B1 {' T
  (3) Richard Arkwright's waterframe in 1769;
+ Y0 D: H7 y$ A% D/ P  1769年理查德阿克赖特的水力纺织机;
" S3 n" ~3 }6 h) n0 d1 a  (4) Samuel Crompton's mule in 1779) \. X/ [* @8 C6 A5 u
  1779年塞缪尔克朗普顿的走绽纺纱机;
1 Z. E2 f5 ?5 r1 P, E  (5) Edmund Cartwright's power loom in 1784;
& e4 a1 E8 S& _7 s) _: f7 P% a, z  1784年爱德蒙卡特莱特发明的力织机;
' n# E# z! `/ }! f  (6) James Watt's steam engine in 1765.
( Q, q3 k$ s5 C9 T1 A6 \  1765年詹姆斯瓦特的高效蒸汽机。 0 B1 X! d8 j6 X9 o
  4.Consequences of the industrial Revolution) \: |6 d7 y5 ^& I) s
  工业革命的结果' _" {, Y% G3 ?
  (1) Britain was by 1830 the "workshop of the world";' b7 Y" n4 n  a8 F6 m( ?9 M
  英国成为了"世界工场";% i% @* Y' Z+ |6 Q9 Y8 ?( t$ t, n
  (2) Towns grew rapidly and became the source of the nation's wealth.
+ b2 a) r" u" S3 Q  城镇迅速兴起,成为国家财富的源泉。
) x( k; u6 m: Y  (3) Mechanization destroyed the livelihood of those who could not invest in it . The working men worked and lived in a appalling conditions." [% l* i1 E7 o: D6 P
  机械化摧毁了不能投入其中的人们的生活。工人们在可怕的条件下劳动与生活。9 O, f3 i4 k1 T( I: [; H8 Z
  (4) The industrial revolution created the industrial working class, the proletariat, and it later led to trade unionism.! N( i9 \; k6 C7 S5 ~3 ~- {
  工业革命产生了工人阶级,即无产阶级。后来形成了工会制度。 . M8 v) ^4 z( S4 p; F
  III. The Chartist Movement (1836-1848)
; s0 W4 ^, i+ C  宪章运动(1836-1848)! G4 S. X8 z3 B  }. c7 @! ^
  1. Reasons for parliamentary reforms.
5 L  v; @7 g- O  议会改革的原因
( Z4 A9 l: e) b" }" d, V$ R$ Q5 P  (1) Power was monopolized by the aristocrats.* q9 d$ `# W4 F3 X! R
  权力由贵族操纵。" m* `$ C5 P) k& @4 ?% `1 l2 U2 v
  (2) Representation of town and country, and North and South was unfair.7 ]( }* }7 z$ T* l
  城镇和农村,北方和南方的代表权极不平等。5 v# _! }( S8 K8 }
  (3) There were also various so-called rotten or pocket boroughs.
7 a  `1 U/ x( d' H  还有各种称之为衰败或口袋选区的选区。" [6 t6 _6 c4 l& Z" X( x$ e
  2.Three Reform Bills1 j" h/ J: p8 s
  三个改革法案) F" S- I/ p0 {
  Between 1832 and 1884 three Reform Bills were passed.3 @1 }8 U/ S8 L
  1832年至1884年间通过了三个改革法案。
回复

使用道具 举报

您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 立即注册

本版积分规则

Archiver|手机版|小黑屋|Woexam.Com ( 湘ICP备18023104号 )

GMT+8, 2024-5-5 18:46 , Processed in 0.165460 second(s), 21 queries .

Powered by Discuz! X3.4 Licensed

© 2001-2017 Comsenz Inc.

快速回复 返回顶部 返回列表