专业英语八级人文知识（6）

会计考友

英国概况  
/ o  ~3 _1 ^* r7 f4 \1 a练习题：  
: w9 X1 w8 s% E; f1 How many members are there in the House of Commons?
8 m# F- W5 T3 p  @A 650 B 524 C 72 D 651
" p1 G! n* Z' ]2 Which of the following people didn’t use to be the British Prime Minister?
3 y7 @* P0 v4 [8 D6 ~8 F5 dA Margaret Thatcher B Winston Churchill C Horatio Nelson D John Major
3 By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed _____ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom.
A Prime Minister B Member of Parliament  
2 Z/ L  |/ h$ k/ }( T- kC Lord of appeal D Speaker of the House
+ \1 {% b+ r- `$ c' t+ F, F4 The Tories were the forerunners of _____, which still bears this nickname today.
+ _' W5 _8 B! G# f5 ^) EA the Labour Party B the Conservative Party
C the Liberal Party D the Social Democratic Party
5 In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the ____ number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition.
A largest B second largest C third largest D fourth largest
. d' y1 g& u! S& g5 K1 k' U6 The term “British disease” is now often used to characterize Britain’s _____ decline.
3 F5 I7 x# R! X3 pA political B educational C military D economic
- K( u8 ~( d) g$ v1 U  f7 The 1980s was remembered as the decade of _____.
A globalization B nationalization C privatization D competition
% w8 A% \0 A7 O8 Today, in Britain, ______ is called a “sick” industry.
A coal mining B iron and steel C textiles D shipbuilding
9 The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor ____ modified and improved the design in 1765. A　Abraham Darby B James Watt C John Kay D Richard Arkwrightthe
" M% X$ s3 l, f7 F10 _____ created the industrial working class, the proletariat, and it later led to trade unionism.
* [0 P7 ?' L: `5 o7 w8 _( }A The Chartist Movement B The Industrial Revolution  
) E" {2 Q0 ^3 N( E, A- f* kC The French Revolution D The Glorious Revolution
* F; ~9 r+ A0 b$ V
; S; [0 C& i) A5 P8 B- u练习题答案及题解:
' Z$ j' b6 _6 _, \& F, w. ~% ?* W1 D, 下议院共有651名议员。
2 C, 撒切尔夫人，丘吉尔和梅杰都曾经做过英国首相；而纳尔逊（1758-1805），英国海军统帅，因作战负伤，右眼失明，失去右臂。后任地中海舰队司令，在特法尔加角海战中大败西班牙联合舰队，本人受重伤阵亡，号称 Viscount Nelson。
4 u+ E% ?2 |- _4 |! Z3 A, 在英国，按照传统，多数党的领导人由君主任命为首相，首相从本党内部挑选一些领导人担任各部部长职位。
! ~  o0 ?: t5 E4 B, 托利党是英国保守党的前身。
5 B, 在英国，在下议院中赢得第二席位的政党为反对党，它也有它自己的领导和影子内阁（shadow cabinet）。
6 D, 现在“英国病”这一术语经常用来指英国经济上的衰退。
7 C, 正如20世纪40年代被看作是国有化的时代一样，20世纪80年代被看作是私有化的时代。包括英国石油、航空、钢铁、电讯在内的几乎40% 的国有公司实现了私有化。
$ E, x; F$ i, |) E' p" P8 A, 英国煤矿业被称为生病工业。英国的煤产量在一战前达到顶点，如今的英国的煤矿业衰退，从而导致矿工的数量、煤矿的总产量大大下降。
9 B, 第一台蒸汽机是 Thomas Newcomer 在17世纪末设计的，后来苏格兰发明家瓦特在1765年对原有的设计进行了改进提高，生产出了第一台高效的蒸汽机并应用到纺织和其他机械业中。
1 v/ T) Z- X: T10 B, 工业革命产生了工人阶级，即无产阶级。后来形成了工会制度。