The German poet and polymath Johann Wolfgang von Goethe pondered the question of how organisms develop in his scientific studies of form and structure immature plants and animals, a field he found and named morphology. His search for a single basic body plan (26)5 ]6 E3 F+ {& o- E# ^3 S" m
across all life-forms led him to think about the prevalence of repeating (27)+ R9 i3 z! Z% c
segments in body structures. The spinal columns of fish, reptiles, (28)
0 n/ j# K8 ^3 J# U/ c birds and mammals, for instance, all are made of long strings of (29)( O: M8 R" W+ }$ p9 q' ?. V
repeated vertebrae. Among invertebrates the growth of virtually identical segments is how striking: in earthworms, for example, even (30)
2 I, n+ Z% T" n) T% ~+ V internal organs are repeated in serial segments. Likewise, the abdomen of flies and other insects are segmented, as are the (31)2 ~! A+ w8 _' U% t- U
successive wormlike articulations in crabs, shrimps and other crustaceans. To Goethe the evidence suggested that nature takes a building-block approach to generate life, repeating a basic element (32)
* G; n& @. J5 G( g' q& B again and again to arrive at a complicated organism. The only glaring (33)( \6 r: `) j. G2 r
hole he could see in the theory was the apparent lack of sort of (34)
) f i# Z' |$ L7 Y ?7 f segmentation in the vertebrate heads. In 1790 he hypothesized that (35)' S$ M! {7 [! u2 S
spinal vertebrate is modified during the development to form the skull.) ^& J6 I f8 L0 T# R
答案:
4 \1 o' y, r7 U# a- [ 26.found改为founded# L5 u6 k3 ?% ~8 B5 I
27.repeating改为repeated
* _# E* m. s7 b: _' H: w& { 28.fish改为fishes
5 [) n- H3 A/ E 29.made后加up
5 l8 G9 {: \+ f5 r9 J 30.去掉how& X8 H9 o. Q2 V6 A1 s w/ L! }: i3 }( j
31.abdomen改为abdomens
7 {) p) \2 ?% o3 P 32.generate改为generating! ?9 }1 L u& b9 B/ H1 h
33.complicated改为complex3 `, W" S' y' h$ H& m( C
34.heads改为head; Z% C* f/ U$ ~3 J
35.is改为are |