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[考试试题] 英语专业四级词汇与语法全真模拟练习三十三

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发表于 2012-8-14 11:54:21 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  很多同学都能想到用was to来填空,但是后面的时态却都用了attend.有人问为什么要用完成式.因为
# K8 o, L" g9 V0 C0 J- G( s5 r  was (were) + 不定式完成式,这种结构表示“本来打算…,本来要…(而结果则没做)”。
" y& ]2 \/ p, d4 y  这个知识点很重要啊,大家可要牢记在心呢.好啦,今天我们要来复习的是have to和must:
3 q4 e/ w1 C" U0 `+ r4 i  have to 和must在表示“必须”这个意思时是很接近的,但也有一定的区别。
& i/ X& A. q" E4 H  1. have to 比较强调客观需要,表示因客观环境或事态促使而不得不做某事;must强调主观看法,表示主观上认为有必要做某事。例如:8 J! F: z0 T0 Z" Z# ^
  I must learn another language.
% h: N# o+ n0 Q0 ^$ c* d1 Q  (主观想法: I want to)" l/ a8 w1 R2 ?- v# V
  I have to learn another language.
4 \* @5 u% t- n; Y  (客观需要:身为一个外交官)
7 K0 Y3 H) ?3 a' d  You must be back before 10 o’clock. 4 Q+ |- ^. u/ l0 y8 q3 z8 p1 a/ O
  (叮嘱或命令)
) _; s6 Y5 L' d8 K, H6 @# {: s  You have to be back before 10 o’clock because the train is to leave at 10:05.(客观需要)
, j: X" X$ L2 P) W. f2 H  2. have to多表示义务或习惯动作;must则用于表示一种重要或急迫的事情。例如: * s- b$ a# g; N( I) _
  We have to care for the young.(义务)
* T# G4 @: O8 q7 i  She has to be at the office before eight every day. (习惯)( ~1 }  J5 L( x9 E$ G- Y
  You must go to the manager at once, or you’ll be dismissed.
  H4 D- A+ G6 i; y: K2 @+ s5 U5 o  务必马上去见经理,不然你会被开除的。(急迫的事情)
" f& ]% i0 G4 H6 j: ^3 X& ?' Q  3. have to可用于不同的时态;而must一般只用于现在时(但也可以表示将来的情况,在间接引语中也可以表示过去时)。例如:
* S# }  ?5 i- `+ S2 J* [$ w% {  I have to (must) leave now.
0 |, b, e0 @: t4 i: `0 }1 R+ d  We’ll have to buy another TV set., Z' v$ f5 p0 h/ d# P3 a/ C# S2 S6 y
  They had to put off the sports meet because of the bad weather.  i+ W0 ]# A; O% c
  He said that the work must be finished within two weeks.
8 c/ O" X# E0 H  4. must还可以表示一种推断和揣测,而have to则不能。例如:$ P" }( ~- c$ C4 y$ A% _# A
  This must be Jin’s pen." W+ m6 B3 ]- I  ~0 s
  5. "must+动词完成式"可以用来表示对过去情况的揣测,而have to则不能。例如:# t+ l+ x8 P0 d7 G( r* u9 x% h
  She must have read the book sometime in the past, or she couldn’t have answered the question so well.
2 l2 k# B" j* b6 r7 t, g  她一定在过去某个时候读过这本书,不然,这个问题她不会回答得这么好的。: x: p2 L' [4 S% f# b
  Note:
+ h7 i+ S" M; K4 D( f) |0 ]4 ]  在现代英语中,have to 中不定式和疑问句式既可以按照助动词的变化规则构成,也可以按照行为动词的变化规则构成。例如:/ Z3 ]" `" @. I% P, u
  Have you to finish the work before supper?0 H; ]* _$ X) M# t* q$ m# ~8 _) s1 ]
  Do you have to finish the work before supper? ( B; c- y& T' g' K( N0 U% \$ B" w; V
  have got to 常可同have to换用,但有时表示不同的含义。比较:
, q4 i  z# F9 M7 f0 h" x: z! W  He has to report to the headquarters every two days.(例行公事,习惯动作): t9 ?- J( v5 u- l) ^; r8 l
  He has got to report to the headquarters every two days.(一道指示或命令,必得每天报告一次)' V- \' x* T1 C$ `' M
  另外,作“有”解时,have got和have通常是可以换用的,have got更口语化,但有时表示不同的含义。比较:
$ G  n1 Q1 y2 o; L  The man has a blind eye.那人有一只眼瞎了。& u% ^* D- `3 e, I- s. ?
  The man has got a blue eye.那人有一只眼被打青了。, r$ ?6 U; v) Z8 z9 ?) O" e
  must not表示禁止,是说话人强有力的劝告或命令,意为“一定要,不准”。因此,在回答由must引导的问题时,如果是否定的回答,表示“不必,没有必要”,不能用mustn’t,而要用needn’t或don’t have to.试比较:
. E8 V, e5 a, A/ `% g* Z  You must not drive fast.你不能开快车。(路险或有速度限制)
+ q8 k( g. \: ?! ~* }7 z  You needn’t drive fast.(时间充裕)
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