These valuable cultural relics belong to China. 这些珍贵的文物属于中国。
$ T$ N3 U6 f `6 x, Z ⑷ be made of 由。。。制成
* e6 \" `8 h% X- F2 L be made of 表示‘由。。。制成’的意思时指原材料显而易见,而与之相对的be made from 表示‘由。。。制成’的意思时则看不出原材料。例如:
9 Q" F" r% o) p1 |6 t$ g6 y What is the adjustable desk made of ? 这张活动课桌是由什么材料做的?
3 W$ a6 H" L: T" E Clouds are made of little drops of water. 云是由小水滴形成的。
; l/ F5 O, g0 N" \ Bread is made from flour and water. 面包是用面粉和水制成的。5 C1 y x3 N/ p; ~+ t9 P
⑸ take up 开始从事,占据
9 N O U5 E1 x, o3 q take up 表示‘开始从事’的意思时通常是人做主语,指某人开始从事某事;表示‘占据’的意思时通常是物做主语,指某事(物)占用了时间或空间。例如:
( W6 [1 W% d, e6 K" g He took up art while at school. 他上学时开始对艺术感兴趣。( r0 ^# K& ^1 C0 v* ?6 Z W
Expurgating this book took up most of my time. 修订这本书占用了我大部分时间。$ D- O+ N- I' f
These boxes of yours are taking up too much place. 你的这些箱子占了太多的地方。* E0 i P$ m1 J
4、 核心句型讲解% P! Y# E8 i) ]$ _7 i9 V% ]; D
⑴ For more than 50 years ,Albert Einstein has stood alone as the world symbol of brain power.
; K; L# q0 Z' E. P 译文:作为大脑能量的世界标志,阿尔伯特?爱因斯坦已经独自地站立了50多年的时间了。
& A' [- V3 @( Q1 ~ 讲解:for 引导的是时间状语,as 引导的短语做stood 的状语,指‘作为。。。’。例如:0 I, J) k/ U; p R1 u8 L
He is very strict with students as an excellent teacher. 作为一名优秀教师,他对学生要求非常严格。
/ o; N$ _; C* f! m6 V: R ⑵ That year, in his spare time, he wrote three papers for a journal about physics, which is the science of matter, energy and what the universe is made of.0 o0 _# o- y4 Z: M3 N
译文:那年,在他的业余时间里,他为一家杂志写了3篇有关物理学的论文,物理则是物质、能量和宇宙构成的科学。
" U1 `) U& y( ], A- }/ ~ 讲解:write …for 指‘为。。。而写’。Which 引导的是非限制性定语从句,说明物理是什么样的一门科学。例如:
' d$ C/ |4 q( A I love these books very much, which are given by my best friend." o6 L" c3 x @5 G
我非常喜欢这些书,它们是我最好的朋友送的。- K2 X% z& r- w/ j
⑶ In it he described how light could behave not only like a wave, as most scientists of the time believed, but also like a stream of particles.. ^0 c }& v/ Q
译文:在这篇论文里,他描述了在那个时代大多数科学家认为的光可以表现为光波运动,而且还可以表现为粒子束运动。8 c4 W D$ d. C R5 F% ?- X f
讲解:as 引导的句子做状语,说明光可以表现为光波运动。Not only… but also…指‘不仅。。。而且。。。’。连接的两个句子成分,表示并列关系。它可以连接不同的句子成分。例如:Shakespeare was not only a writer but also an actor. 莎士比亚不仅是一个作家,也是一个演员。
' i' F, `" d+ {- [0 z5 Q 5、 重点语法知识讲解# k# Q9 i( R+ [5 `
被动语态
0 l; e5 @7 J- H7 G ⑴ 被动语态由‘助动词be + 过去分词’构成,时态通过be 表现出来。例如:9 u9 E: M' r: @$ [1 v
History is made by the people. 历史是人民创造的。(一般现在时)" J& B0 N% {9 z
The conference was held in August. 这次会议是8月份召开的。(一般过去时)
' U3 o* _5 f+ t, t9 L* X/ L" K You won’t be allowed to take so much luggage with you.: F4 [2 C) |1 r
不会让你带这么多行李的。(一般将来时)
. p4 ]/ L- A5 j) A, Y: S0 J A new railway is being built. 一条新铁路正在修建中。(现在进行时)( M5 U; e8 @& D8 s
The case was being redesigned. 这案件那时正在调查中。(过去进行时)
f) D1 R5 g; j% T9 e- n The aircraft has been redesigned. 这飞机已经重新设计。(现在完成时), [! y2 }2 Z: h. J0 Q9 M/ p
Production costs had been greatly reduced. 生产成本那时大大降低了。(过去完成时)
+ ]8 \% z& n& z$ G. Y$ u Q ⑵ 被动语态主要用于以下几种情况:不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁(这时都不带由by引起的短语);动作的承受者是谈话的中心(这时可带由by引起的短语);出于礼貌等方面的考虑而不愿说出动作的执行者是谁;被动结构能使句子得到更好的安排等。例如:
! g" D! P4 X& o- x9 E Such books are written for children. 这种书是为儿童写的。* X; q2 T* g0 E' `- L
The song was composed by a student. 这首歌曲是一个学生谱写的。9 ?9 r2 P) t+ `8 G z' ~3 p
It is generally considered not advisable to act that way. 那样做一般被认为是不妥当的。. b8 M( A) C) e+ }
He appeared on the stage and was warmly applaused by the audience.
6 w% ` L/ D6 l" v4 h4 z7 h5 A 他在台上一出现观众就给予热烈的掌声。(这样安排只要一个主语就够了)9 H' g' V) g1 Y1 l
The plan was especially supported by those who wished to have more chance to speak English.$ s+ N- L- E2 e) J, J
计划特别受到愿有更多机会说英语的人的支持。(如果用those 做主语,和位于的距离就会太远) |