例句:She was asked to identify the criminal.
3 ]( ]( l9 z9 I4 k+ L/ Q 译文:她被要求辨认犯罪。
) D# y4 v0 z, w& I8 I) k% X5 j0 L 3、 核心短语讲解:6 O$ N7 ~9 q: z* @
⑴ depend on 取决于;依赖于
. d2 z3 g h6 B2 `# U) |4 S$ A: k 后面通常接sb./sth., 意思是依赖于某人/某物,或取决于某人/某物。例如:
% _( m$ I; y/ Q9 Q My success depends on my friend’s support.
. S+ p' {: E$ w5 f" ~ Whether we go to school or not depends on the weather.. J" H! p3 l* O$ u. e
⑵ consist of 由。。。构成,由。。。组成# A6 N2 Y/ y% c; } B7 E
后面可以接sth.,意思是由某事物组成或构成。但一般不用于进行时态。例如:7 F; k9 _' G/ C$ w
This club consists of 50 members.
2 V; d# }3 B3 ~ The book consists of five chapters.$ z# B# m5 }+ B8 {- N- o2 t
⑶ get round to 抽出时间做某事
+ x6 l8 |8 d; w: G+ I 后面接sth. Or doing sth. ,同义词组为 get around to sth./ doing sth. 。例如:& r$ K* m, j0 r- L, I7 g
Can you get round to reading this novel?
2 n* Y5 [$ O6 h. b9 X$ J I hope I will get round to go shopping with you next week.
8 L% c+ l# E, d+ S, P/ E2 ] ⑷ proud of 自豪的,荣耀的! n$ Y5 x/ y; f v3 u
后面可接人或者物,意思是‘为。。。感到自豪’。例如:1 {1 L( H$ Q+ n
She is proud of her new house.. j4 U( ?+ ]% q
Are they proud of their success?: N) s2 Z+ j8 C. c: n
⑸ on the other hand 另一方面通常与 on the one hand 连用,表示事物的两个方面或两种情况。例如:0 _ w. t% k$ S5 _- S' y( h2 J
This book, on the other hand, provides very good ideas.
2 m9 r# r# V ?3 i1 w4 h On the one hand, he feel lonely, on the other hand, he makes many friends.1 _- @; @( z+ R+ ^2 B
4、 核心句型讲解:
f$ \5 m4 P/ M' ~% } ⑴ A stairway led to the second floor, which in small homes was an undivided sleeping room and in larger homes was divided into small bedrooms.1 f* |: {# n' N9 G
讲解:which 后面是由and 连接的两个分句,在这里which引导的非限制性定语从句,说明the second floor 在不同房间里的不同存在方式。例如:6 S* T( o1 f" h) m/ o- M. ^1 j
I like this new car, which was bought three days ago.5 j# C/ S l; l) T; g* z* p; `7 i
⑵ The roof was specially designed to create as much living space as possible on the second floor.! {2 \9 M) `+ V, J7 t8 S. M
讲解:design 指‘设计’,后面接不定式 to create , 表示设计成什么样式。as much… as possible 指‘尽可能地多。。。’。例如:
+ E/ ?+ w* S! t! A( e I clean my storeroom in order to create as much room as possible.( q2 ~+ |$ z4 N
⑶ Since a house was impossible for one person to build, several people would work together to build it.
6 d5 [& D, }; q5 Z 讲解:常用句型 It is impossible for sb. to do sth. , 是指‘某人做某事不可能的’。 Since 的常用意思是‘自从,自。。。以来’,在这个句子里是指‘由于,因为’,引导的是一个原因状语从句。例如:
+ R; `$ ~: ]( L* R$ j Since she is very young, she can’t understand what happened.
) L$ H9 T- ~) K0 e 5、 重点语法知识讲解:
; j/ j4 b8 ~4 I+ |% T 被动结构和带表语的结构的区别% E' G6 f0 e( C! r
‘动词be+过去分词’这个结构并不一定都是被动结构,有时它可能是be +表语。这两种结构的主要区别是:被动结构表示一个动作,带表语的结构表示主要的特点或所处的状态。例如:
$ A9 K" e& a! p' m The enemy was soon surrounded by us. (被动结构)
# b6 I+ R+ ~& |3 [/ t' @2 r The house is surrounded by trees. (表语结构)
J4 Q9 {0 V7 g% u/ X( {! T Our plan has been upset. (被动结构)
4 A& |, t' Z4 [ She was terribly upset. (表语结构)1 M6 v2 a! [" W) t
特别说明:这一区分可以帮助我们决定用什么时态,如果是被动结构,它的时态一般要与相应的主动结构相一致;如果是表语结构,多用一般时态。例如:‘玻璃杯坏了’表示的是状态,因此可译为‘The glass is broken’, 这时用的是一般现在时。如果说‘杯子是妹妹打破的’,表示的是一个动作,这时就不能用一般现在时,因为相应的主动结构不可能用一般现在时。当然,带表语的结构用其他时态的情况也是有的,例如:How long has she been here? 这时表示的是一个延续到现在的状态。 |