⑸ take up 开始从事,占据
: F" J, h7 O& f) F& r2 k0 u& d' G take up 表示‘开始从事’的意思时通常是人做主语,指某人开始从事某事;表示‘占据’的意思时通常是物做主语,指某事(物)占用了时间或空间。例如: ! K* z. N& f% ~( V4 e/ s0 i/ u
He took up art while at school. 他上学时开始对艺术感兴趣。
; Z( K6 f1 h# A( r# A Expurgating this book took up most of my time. 修订这本书占用了我大部分时间。 0 {' z( I5 N1 G0 x( [) O1 Q
These boxes of yours are taking up too much place. 你的这些箱子占了太多的地方。
/ H# w5 G4 e. H9 y: m- S% o 4、 核心句型讲解 ' I+ L2 t0 _5 {: u, D; J6 c& h
⑴ For more than 50 years ,Albert Einstein has stood alone as the world symbol of brain power.
* w/ U8 z% ?; O/ q9 p; q 译文:作为大脑能量的世界标志,阿尔伯特•爱因斯坦已经独自地站立了50多年的时间了。
- A, }- R6 ^0 u 讲解:for 引导的是时间状语,as 引导的短语做stood 的状语,指‘作为。。。’。例如: : R5 k' R' ^: |
He is very strict with students as an excellent teacher. 作为一名优秀教师,他对学生要求非常严格。 - {. p- B% [- ?! p0 u- R3 l
⑵ That year, in his spare time, he wrote three papers for a journal about physics, which is the science of matter, energy and what the universe is made of.
6 g( A' c$ G/ z5 Z8 V) R 译文:那年,在他的业余时间里,他为一家杂志写了3篇有关物理学的论文,物理则是物质、能量和宇宙构成的科学。 8 _. G3 p8 _! b. `: x
讲解:write …for 指‘为。。。而写’。Which 引导的是非限制性定语从句,说明物理是什么样的一门科学。例如:
8 g; i: n* |' c+ |' G I love these books very much, which are given by my best friend.
& B) m0 g' t) }# T 我非常喜欢这些书,它们是我最好的朋友送的。 5 \6 Q$ E' F6 a
⑶ In it he described how light could behave not only like a wave, as most scientists of the time believed, but also like a stream of particles.
9 R+ y! Z/ A+ x6 f 译文:在这篇论文里,他描述了在那个时代大多数科学家认为的光可以表现为光波运动,而且还可以表现为粒子束运动。 - Q2 Y5 O9 B1 r6 P6 ^, I
讲解:as 引导的句子做状语,说明光可以表现为光波运动。Not only… but also…指‘不仅。。。而且。。。’。连接的两个句子成分,表示并列关系。它可以连接不同的句子成分。例如:Shakespeare was not only a writer but also an actor. 莎士比亚不仅是一个作家,也是一个演员。 & d ]% W. ?( [9 v8 {
5、 重点语法知识讲解
* i. Q3 |3 _& C; d! o" G( L1 ~, D 被动语态 9 @2 x7 d/ a, W* s
⑴ 被动语态由‘助动词be + 过去分词’构成,时态通过be 表现出来。例如: " u# I2 a& G5 r4 N" `
History is made by the people. 历史是人民创造的。(一般现在时)
6 G& Z4 i2 k' F5 Z2 C6 Q The conference was held in August. 这次会议是8月份召开的。(一般过去时) & u2 T, S. i; U8 L- z `
You won’t be allowed to take so much luggage with you.
( y. b. ?5 C/ U/ k/ q 不会让你带这么多行李的。(一般将来时)
4 B& _9 J5 K6 X" d( S A new railway is being built. 一条新铁路正在修建中。(现在进行时)
$ Z" d& C. ]' T4 ? The case was being redesigned. 这案件那时正在调查中。(过去进行时) k) m: ^' J. C! I6 Q# b; _; J
The aircraft has been redesigned. 这飞机已经重新设计。(现在完成时)
0 A* p5 p& T* m Production costs had been greatly reduced. 生产成本那时大大降低了。(过去完成时)
, L+ t' W9 D6 H" m/ y& ~6 Z+ X ⑵ 被动语态主要用于以下几种情况:不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁(这时都不带由by引起的短语);动作的承受者是谈话的中心(这时可带由by引起的短语);出于礼貌等方面的考虑而不愿说出动作的执行者是谁;被动结构能使句子得到更好的安排等。例如:
/ d+ E0 x, d) X7 b' C" C4 G Such books are written for children. 这种书是为儿童写的。 - _* q) S9 x1 U
The song was composed by a student. 这首歌曲是一个学生谱写的。
0 e3 ]% J1 d# i0 z- V; Z# l$ e It is generally considered not advisable to act that way. 那样做一般被认为是不妥当的。 $ S* Y# ?. x9 i9 k i' K
He appeared on the stage and was warmly applaused by the audience.
) c- w5 A; l, e: Q9 m6 h' o ? 他在台上一出现观众就给予热烈的掌声。(这样安排只要一个主语就够了) . t9 X6 O8 o W3 \+ l7 ]
The plan was especially supported by those who wished to have more chance to speak English.
! j/ {8 u4 p* M! A/ } 计划特别受到愿有更多机会说英语的人的支持。(如果用those 做主语,和位于的距离就会太远) |