PETS五级考试语法辅导：分词讲解

会计考友

　【分词】
% ?* G3 ^# A6 B$ v. b0 s+ O# ^　　分词作定语
　　1.分词前置
, W6 F9 Z/ E8 h) G3 [$ }　　We can see the rising sun。我们可以看到东升的旭日
) p9 ]. Q( Z. T　　He is a retired worker。他是位退休的工人。
: H! L+ u+ O8 Y  _! C" d3 X9 w　　2.分词后置(i。分词词组;ii。个别分词如given, left; iii。修饰不定代词something等)
　　There was a girl sitting there。有个女孩坐在那里
　　This is the question given。这是所给的问题
　　There is nothing interesting。没有有趣的东西
9 Y7 O8 t/ K3 N9 O, U　　过去分词作定语
' F; M' `3 D( O. \0 {$ ~& v, r　　与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
　　Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists。
　　Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa。
　　典型例题
　　1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century。
9 I0 Q! M& w. E  ?2 x/ G3 J7 z　　A. have written　B. to be written　C. being written　D. written
3 v/ K* b; r( t/ C! V  q. g　　答案D。书与写作是被动关系，应用过去分词做定语表被动，相当于定语从句which is written
* A% @) }. b2 ~4 l0 b! T! g4 W8 V$ d　　2)What's the language ____ in Germany?
- k- g3 _6 s; X0 E) U　　A. speaking　B. spoken　C. be spoken　D. to speak
　　答案B。主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。
　　spoken是动词speak的过去分词形式，在句中作定语，修饰主语language, spoken与language有被动关系。
　　该句可以理解为：
8 s7 {  z' Z0 J# E, X　　What's the language (which is) spoken in German?
2 N; ~$ A% @4 H$ l5 y& I　　分词作状语
+ t8 m- S) [/ p6 K/ C1 B& k4 \　　As I didn't receive any letter from him, I gave him a call。
　　-> Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call。
　　由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了电话。
% v. g7 j5 l  f3 e　　If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better。
　　-> Given more attention，the trees could have grown better。
2 h3 X6 q3 p5 `, p　　假如多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好。