1 引导名词性从句的连接词3 v- Q i; ?, y9 G# E
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:8 N& \1 Z9 H$ e- M, ^7 r4 G
连接词: that, whether ,if (不充当从句的任何成分)
( D9 ?: V8 D4 m5 u 连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which1 v: q6 [4 Z5 M" J2 C3 r- M
连接副词:when, where, how, why
5 P& f7 B1 r1 G8 Y- ~- K; l 不可省略的连词:
6 B# ?4 a. b1 Q( N/ R 1. 介词后的连词
2 a1 {9 v, f# _8 r 2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。例如:
x7 t; Y# D1 ] s: }. ]: y That she was chosen made us very happy. 她被选上了,我们很高兴。' E" {" T9 r+ J+ e/ K
We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。
0 ]$ s7 x8 V4 r3 _& a; \% R 比较:whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代:+ m# h- b" G3 {5 }
1. whether引导主语从句并在句首. r' w5 A0 `# L! |
2. 引导表语从句 # `* E4 y' c) W: ?$ d4 h$ _, b2 Z/ G. e. ]7 e
3. whether从句作介词宾语
' i C8 m" E8 X3 t9 X4. 从句后有"or not" % @. w, t; G: ?1 L6 T( f/ A4 |4 C
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语。例如:
, }& F; `$ O9 P1 J9 K It is not important who will go. 谁去,这不重要。
5 u. z+ y. a8 K5 f+ P" D It is still unknown which team will win the match. 到底谁赢呢,形势尚不明朗。
- H V$ _2 b R* F [" K2 名词性that-从句 ' ^9 w7 d$ ~3 F( F
1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语。例如:
; P* i$ y4 |0 l; J; f; h! y: P' S 主语:That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。& l! K$ B8 h8 Z1 @- Y g6 E2 ~/ q
宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
: K- I" N( o$ c7 ^ 表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。! Q( f# [, o* t1 V* G; H
同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. ! R8 D. b# O% F+ h7 U
近来谁也没有见过他,这一情况令办公室所有的人不安。- X2 Z' i6 p6 y ?+ v
形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 你对工作满意我感到很高兴。$ @* c$ H) y* J9 |( p' t8 S9 e' p
2)That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末。例如:
: c5 }. m6 K1 N8 B3 \2 f It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。- w6 V. ~, @/ W9 F/ F% k/ X
It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。! c! h% a1 D5 j9 K0 _" T
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:
# x/ f+ [7 K+ S N7 I a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句1 u3 C) |: B& `/ G: f5 H
It is necessary that… 有必要……
$ a$ N( i6 h' v It is important that… 重要的是……
D4 ~: m* C/ R. [2 V2 a4 N It is obvious that… 很明显……1 q$ H# V1 z" h& ~
b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句
% |: j2 _# H; N2 F4 M7 z6 ^& ? It is believed that… 人们相信……( \# `/ A& }: f! j
It is known to all that… 从所周知……+ k, [: D4 B2 T
It has been decided that… 已决定…… |