7 先行词和关系词二合一 % Q @3 C. N5 b9 H3 l
1) Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
. d! ^+ `, e; p( M* F4 L 2) The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.(what 可以用all that代替)$ C8 s1 g0 a3 l# U
: n/ l) y% d) i8 what/whatever; that/what; who/whoever ) c& f# B* l& S2 H# B
1)what = the thing which;whatever = anything。例如:
4 ?+ `/ M3 W) U. U& E What you want has been sent here. 你要的动词都送来了。' T' Q! w2 K# Q( x
Whatever you want makes no difference to me. 不管你要什么,跟我没什么关系。 T" v, R, y% @3 Z. g- c
2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who。例如:
5 {6 Q9 n2 M8 q' r+ ] (错)Who breaks the law will be punished." S. [9 K1 O# f& k* c& w1 {
(错)Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.
2 U0 c8 c6 p) H) h+ Q" c F* Y (对)Whoever breaks the law will be punished. 王子犯法,与庶民同罪。8 ^* v0 z' _) x3 V: T
(对)Who robbed the bank is not clear. 谁抢了银行还不清楚。- {* L( V5 O: z
3) that 和 what % n: ~1 B! v; @, L
当that引导定语从句时,通常用作关系代词,而引导名词性从句时,是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从句,用作连接代词,作从句的具体成分,且不能省略。例如:
% L9 [ n1 }$ q; q- q I think(that)you will like the stamps. 我想你会喜欢这些邮票的。' J+ D2 r& r( Z2 ?, t
What we need is more practice. 我们需要的是更多的实践。1 G) w8 ]1 G2 a" W
9 关系代词that 的用法
! S, F, z0 X8 X5 M2 ^1)不用that的情况! ~, r" G8 N. D8 u% ^% k
a) 引导非限定性定语从句时。例如:
" e2 W, n1 l. c& ~' c (错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.9 ^/ \, E d$ Y S! t4 P- q3 m
b) 介词后不能用。例如:
9 x: M, ^# T* Q5 u We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依赖土地获得食物。
8 I2 N& S4 O" O* _ We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
' ~3 C2 l2 P4 x" |2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况1 i5 o2 m' |" R4 s' L/ e/ `! O! C
a) 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which。& g6 e0 e# _* n+ Q/ q
b) 在不定代词,如:anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。' X$ W9 Z5 h2 h0 f8 E/ E8 J
c) 先行词有the only, the very修饰时,只用that。
* C: ~7 O! n" v d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that。.- b; z# _7 s o5 I; v e0 m* H# ?. K
e) 先行词既有人,又有物时。例如:8 w: o6 v7 A8 Q
All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。2 q8 X ~8 N* w
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。 |