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[PETS五级] 2011年公共英语五级考试(pets5)语法辅导:定语从句(1)

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发表于 2012-8-14 13:28:15 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
1 关系代词引导的定语从句 ; m; @- d5 W0 h2 Q0 H3 Q/ A
  关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
4 D# v# n' t! x$ k2 P* M1)who, whom, that
3 `  E! R% ]3 B9 `3 l  这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语和宾语。例如:3 ]5 @. m& v# K" [; {
  Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)4 S$ h6 g4 O" t- `3 h) n
  He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
, c) G; K5 ~1 g# ?2) whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换)。例如:
0 T7 A0 v5 ^' ~4 z) \  They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。) O+ h3 z& S) T7 n7 g1 N) ~1 a
  Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
: t3 X6 N& O4 M3)which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如:9 ]+ Y$ }3 D4 o* h3 F4 O
  A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
: h( h& Q  Q+ A5 _( m0 w5 \农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)
6 ], y8 o( c4 S+ Y% V4 g  The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)
" f. Y! k( A! M  D3 K4 O6 K8 n& f; O9 M1 m$ y$ B
2 关系副词引导的定语从句 / m$ Q8 Q( L6 e- I' I
  关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。0 g4 V; Z0 p5 \7 w" g9 g4 |5 `
1)关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。例如:5 T  F. n; u6 [$ }" f
  There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。; Q$ V! P& |' j5 o& R. c" \; J5 P
  Beijing is the place where(in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
' m" V2 b1 s# Z. a9 o' p4 V; c: N  Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?4 c+ Q; d( s$ L1 H5 [
2)that代替关系副词,可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略。例如:
4 f, y! n( B  g  His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。( L# V& D( b5 Y% }

4 T! r' S! j; w* t& t) O" l  He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
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 楼主| 发表于 2012-8-14 13:28:16 | 显示全部楼层

2011年公共英语五级考试(pets5)语法辅导:定语从句(1)

</p>  3 判断关系代词与关系副词
3 W: h. \  ]' S" R  e* Y, I  方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:
! B# u5 A3 @: _2 c  This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。6 c( h" b& I4 N9 D. t, s, B" K; B3 z
  I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。3 W, V. U8 t5 {% Z6 l& `+ b" r
  判断改错:& A; F4 g5 h; d
  (错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.6 |$ k7 v6 Q& i: d# [" b
  (错) I will never forget thhe days when I spent in the countryside.
$ o' p( C6 b$ B4 K  w  (对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.% \& c. A: R4 X* f' K( _0 h+ R
  (对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
+ T; w. b- Q. l  习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。/ s- m7 t4 c1 u: G* O8 D! e/ X- n  Q+ m
  方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
  t( s0 I2 Y8 M例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?  S: @6 c  T8 \: \- p# M6 T
  A. where B. that  C. on which  D. the one
& q7 H8 {+ O/ t2 q例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.! E' n8 P$ }1 d
  A. where B. that  C. on which  D. the one
9 z- F  D' ?6 Z' v" a! y% L答案:例1 D,例2 A2 g5 y1 B  w- V/ Y2 m: Z
例1变为肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
( v6 V8 a; ?5 r例2变为肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
* I6 d# a/ G# o. S1 \  d- y  在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D。
6 I& H% c( u0 |* I/ W+ K  而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A。  o+ l$ ~+ @7 O. j5 u& k" c
  关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语) 。
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