</p> 3 判断关系代词与关系副词
3 W: h. \ ]' S" R e* Y, I 方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:
! B# u5 A3 @: _2 c This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。6 c( h" b& I4 N9 D. t, s, B" K; B3 z
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。3 W, V. U8 t5 {% Z6 l& `+ b" r
判断改错:& A; F4 g5 h; d
(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.6 |$ k7 v6 Q& i: d# [" b
(错) I will never forget thhe days when I spent in the countryside.
$ o' p( C6 b$ B4 K w (对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.% \& c. A: R4 X* f' K( _0 h+ R
(对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
+ T; w. b- Q. l 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。/ s- m7 t4 c1 u: G* O8 D! e/ X- n Q+ m
方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
t( s0 I2 Y8 M例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age? S: @6 c T8 \: \- p# M6 T
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
& q7 H8 {+ O/ t2 q例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.! E' n8 P$ }1 d
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
9 z- F D' ?6 Z' v" a! y% L答案:例1 D,例2 A2 g5 y1 B w- V/ Y2 m: Z
例1变为肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
( v6 V8 a; ?5 r例2变为肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
* I6 d# a/ G# o. S1 \ d- y 在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D。
6 I& H% c( u0 |* I/ W+ K 而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A。 o+ l$ ~+ @7 O. j5 u& k" c
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语) 。 |