3 名词性wh-从句
i- N% [. k6 |3 u1 ]* Q& J: l8 ~1)由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等。例如:& [$ ^* f+ i9 D9 A" N1 ~5 M
主语: How the book will sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。2 ~' W' p4 w! M1 v! w
直接宾语:In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。
: g4 e* l* r) O, N: K间接宾语:The club will give whoever wins a prize. 获胜者俱乐部将颁奖。- _9 m' S. i% L( f1 ~0 R
表语: My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。6 I$ X5 m: K: v4 I) X- R' {$ x
宾语补足语:She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。* c* u: ]; w* b# m/ p/ x$ s* r
同位语: I have no idea when he will return. 我不知道他什么时候回来。' k) X$ ]( l3 y2 I. D6 I' z9 U
形容词宾语:I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。5 |: _* Q' v' f% S8 w5 k3 ^. Z
介词宾语: That depends on where we shall go. 那取决于我们去哪儿。( E; l# L( c# K9 f' U, ~
2)Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语,而将wh-从句置于句末。例如:: s G% G5 v) V5 i) V' V1 q! S0 X+ Z( D
It is not yet decided who will do that job. 还没决定谁做这项工作。
M& W- s: j7 g' q5 ^ It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。1 l& W% @5 ~, K: c/ e/ D
4 if, whether引导的名词从句 / o( b( t3 |& d6 i( ?7 U
1)yes-no型疑问从句* G% A: S' ]7 @9 {
从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句,其功能和wh-从句的功能相同。例如:& N) v/ M Q: Q" N- k# M8 x
主语:Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实。
! A9 y5 S2 ?3 k0 K8 r 宾语:Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。
. X% X. @) U1 S1 s" S1 H6 ~ 表语:The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。; d: f9 }* ~- N0 G* F* Y, s% u: Z
同位语:They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他们调查他是否值得信赖。
" {& U: M' ^, I$ ~ 形容词宾语: She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来。2 }. [/ H+ [$ L* { j9 u' l
介词宾语: I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。
" G5 K0 ^ F4 a3 I8 \0 R2)选择性疑问从句- y+ l7 a9 z& [! q; Q6 O
选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whethe…or not构成。例如:% U, C' N F+ C7 W+ d' d
Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。
8 O) @6 r9 ^2 @* m2 D6 b* M# ~ I don't care whether you like the plan or not. 我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。 |