</p> 3 连词+分词(短语) , m9 w4 e8 M: e' I& Y! `9 V
有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚,可在分词前加连词。 连词有: when,while,if though,after, before, as. 但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个,如:
* v! A8 H3 }- z- p6 P! Y6 b While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building. & |# h( T* S0 P+ P) G0 L3 ~
waiting 和saw 的主语相同。
$ u# i: F( @0 W; u- S- i8 a! B 4 分词作补语 H- U2 c2 M5 b4 A3 l) Y! a
通常在感官动词和使役动词之后,如: 9 i" Q' E. @( T4 X* u8 h; i6 v
I found my car missing. 我发现我的车不见了。 6 M3 W- ^& l$ i
I’ll have my watch repaired. 我想把我的手表修一下。
+ _$ ]9 t$ R( m1 C( t 5 分词作表语
" n/ s4 O) A9 f9 Z8 R8 E0 Z o 现在分词: 表示主动,正在进行
; d0 F! d3 Z% }& \ 过去分词: 表示被动考试用书,已经完成 * V9 a& ], a: }! I
She looked tired with cooking. 她由于忙着做饭,看上去有些疲倦。 % T. E3 L9 ~' [9 E! L6 ?5 Q
He remained standing beside the table. 他依然站在桌旁。 {) L6 g4 z8 M; T& O
6 分词作插入语 6 d, N5 q" c4 T- T
其结构是固定的,意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。
; `( ^0 j4 @ [: z; |' @5 f generally speaking 一般说来 ( ?1 j9 J; z! [0 E5 ~/ M0 W+ m6 F
talking of (speaking of) 说道 www.Examw.CoM
+ T- g) P) m( S8 t' z strictly speaking 严格的说 - U b+ `3 n% @9 j; s$ E
judging from 从…判断
" Z/ a) x0 U5 t! ^& a all things considered 从整体来看
$ g: |) p/ N I5 R taking all things into consideration 全面看来
! J5 i- X+ a# y2 r Judging from his face, he must be ill. 从他的脸色看,他一定是病了。
9 i) c& \& T2 m3 W4 `6 w" L- |$ g% f Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 总的来说,狗比猪跑得快。 (speaking 并不是dogs 的动作)
( P- y3 V& H. W( v. o2 E2 S8 P- L, G 7 分词的时态
- m" \+ G4 A( U0 A: o 1)与主语动词同时,
5 S8 K' ^. |+ l- ] Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 听到这一消息,他高兴得手舞足蹈。
/ G5 ?+ W# b/ s m1 @- m; R Arriving there, they found the boy dead. 刚一到那儿,他们就发现那男孩死了。 / D, w. h! M1 G0 }/ L" x+ T
典型例题
' b8 |& m& l; N5 c; G- I The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president. 7 d) B5 j% Y- t) \6 N0 J
A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing
! C2 F% u1 [& ~! U9 ` 答案B. 此处没有连词,不能选D,否则出现了两个谓语动词worked和was preparing。 只能在B,C中选一个。又因前后两个动作同时发生,且与主语为主动关系,应用现在分词。
0 }( ?+ X; e# q 2)先于主动词
* O2 G+ N8 O$ E( E. P k& y While walking in the garden,he hurt his leg. 在花园里散步时他伤了腿。
* f; L! }* R g/ K& l9 | 分词作时间状语,如果先与主动词的动作,且强调先后, 要用having done。
# Z0 W4 g) ]! Q. ^ Having finished his homework, he went out. ( `, i0 @0 t. c
=As he had finished his homework, he went out. " W. `7 _. D0 s& j. g
做完作业后,他出去了。
& B% R3 K4 e' p# Y. {: {- W3 p 典型例题
8 Q7 q& T( \6 g- Q7 a( E* ` ___ a reply, he decided to write again. 5 Z# h+ a' x5 \/ k" n
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received
- |) U+ M/ E* P8 c- n" z 答案C. 本题考查分词的时态来源:www.Examw.com与分词的否定式。根据题意判断,分词的动作(接信)发生在谓语动词的动作(决心再写信)之前,因此用分词的完成式。分词的否定式的构成为not +分词,故选C。该句可理解为:Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again. * h4 V2 n/ r- n. e0 G7 E6 F1 e/ r
8 分词的语态 + E8 r, ]( R% N8 k- Q! F
1)通常,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动,例如: " l; h6 R+ g; F+ Y0 d
He is the man giving you the money. (= who gave you…) 他就是给你钱的那个人。 8 [7 }( W% m% U/ |) U! K6 A
He is the man stopped by the car. ( = who was stopped by…)
( X6 L, ^% S- z9 x9 m- Z+ s 他就是那个被车拦住的人。 6 [8 _2 t ]1 d( g5 |% ?% b% @* A
2)不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生
9 h8 e# ~6 Q$ J1 _ gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned 7 x1 @* z7 o$ {' l! t' D
例: a well-read person. 一个读过许多书的人 9 V% J2 e% M, a2 K5 t# a
a much-travelled may 一个去过许多地方的人 中华考试论坛' R! D0 c: L4 B# c! S) Y5 r/ L- t% w
a burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴 |