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[PETS五级] 全国公共英语(PETS5)五级考试语法辅导:分词

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发表于 2012-8-14 13:28:15 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
分词作定语  
4 b: Z" B0 y/ R. y7 n/ r7 w  1 分词前置
  u' }' ]8 W0 B/ d4 ^" \! ~! ~, F  We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日 8 o4 H- a- y; U* u: ^! k3 ]3 s  N
  He is a retired worker.  他是位退休的工人 " s. r2 W- z4 {" I
  分词后置 (i.分词词组;ii. 个别分词如given, left; iii. 修饰不定代词 something等)
& k- U3 H! t1 O: G' Z" `  There was a girl sitting there. 有个女孩坐在那里
' Z, h! A# Q  j- S& C; i& C1 J; d  This is the question given.   这是所给的问题 中华考试论坛
8 }& D$ |/ c' b  There is nothing interesting.  没有有趣的东西
2 e: s$ L: d  }7 T% L8 e: Q  过去分词作定语 # x. l4 C5 k7 f7 ~- ~* [
  与其修饰的词是被动关系,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
& t8 V, ^0 g+ `5 _, i+ j/ N7 Z  Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.
7 T6 z" o/ r/ O, H/ L4 E4 e  Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa. - @6 ?) z$ G/ d7 j+ a
  典型例题
+ m3 g" ?, a6 R* j5 `$ V% G; y: _  1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
3 E2 W# G0 S9 I8 R6 e5 w  A. have written  B. to be written  C. being written  D. written
* \- L% {+ g& p# l/ {: M  答案D. 书与写作是被动关系,应用过去分词做定语表被 动,相当于定语从句 which is written . j" B5 F* ~1 X4 [. V$ ?0 D7 r5 {2 x0 X
  2)What’s the language ____ in Germany? : g" ~& U( x6 |  ]! _
  A. speaking  B. spoken   C. be spoken  D. to speak
) }: {, s7 q& J- r  答案B. 主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。 1 O8 O5 g$ a5 x( S/ I
  spoken是动词speak的过去分词形式,在句中作定语,修饰主语language, spoken 与 language有被动关系。该句可以理解为:
. P4 R- Z$ m  V5 H. n+ \* E- {  What’s the language (which is) spoken in German? 1 `- H, j" K; @9 f( f% Y( m
  2 分词作状语 % `/ h5 J' C2 O6 `5 n9 h0 r9 E
  As I didn’t receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.
8 P. z! v" N0 P  -> Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.
! E: V/ m6 x4 j" C: V' N+ w4 a  由于没有收到他的信,我给他打了电话。 & R. \! g% J, X* f- \- Y
  If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.
9 \0 N- ]6 ~2 o* m% g8 Q/ ^& c2 I0 n  -> Given more attention,the trees could have grown better. 9 {9 r9 D7 A, d% l8 g/ }: h! o
  假如多给些照顾,那些树会长得更好。 5 x) o# t+ h5 }' W+ Y' A
  典型例题
' I+ }- @7 J; @2 T' L/ M4 W; ]  1)_____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army. " i' J* h- r5 Y# W
  A. Followed  B. Followed by  C. Being followed  D. Having been followed
/ r) H, k" |' B' b0 E  答案B. Napoleon 与follow 之间有被动的含义。being followed除表达被动之外,还有动作正在进行之意。 followed by(被…跟随)。本题可改为:                 With some officials following, Napoleon inspected his army.
& x+ @" m+ e0 P: ?. O  2)There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light. 来源:www.Examw.com5 _. v( l+ y# b- b8 X- I
  A. followed  B. following  C. to be followed  D. being followed
% k5 H) ~/ b. w# y6 P  答案B. 由于声音在闪电后,因此为声跟随着光,声音为跟随的发出者,为主动。用现在分词。
, j/ H, G3 w6 ?  F- K' e2 b+ Q  3)_______, liquids can be changed into gases.
: ?& v+ e3 z) u: N( R, K  A. Heating  B. To be heated  C. Heated  D. Heat
! x& q. {4 J0 Q/ o  答案C. 本题要选一分词作为状语。现在分词表主动,正在进行的;过去分词表被动的,已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者,是被动的,因而选C。它相当于一个状语从句 When it is heated,… 1 D0 u- q* y1 ~. m
  注意: 选择现在分词还是过去分词,关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出,分词就选用现在分词,反之就用过去分词。 3 u9 v2 B2 w1 q4 }8 H& N) O
  (Being ) used for a long time, the book looks old. ( C6 g8 x* c! C  L1 A
  由于用了很长时间,这本书看上去很旧。 http://www.Examw.com4 b4 ^/ M- U0 x- J
  Using the book, I find it useful. * I/ `! I8 a: Q7 m, B9 z
  在使用的过程中, 我发现这本书很有用。
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 楼主| 发表于 2012-8-14 13:28:16 | 显示全部楼层

全国公共英语(PETS5)五级考试语法辅导:分词

</p>  3 连词+分词(短语) , m9 w4 e8 M: e' I& Y! `9 V
  有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚,可在分词前加连词。 连词有: when,while,if though,after, before, as. 但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个,如:
* v! A8 H3 }- z- p6 P! Y6 b  While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building. & |# h( T* S0 P+ P) G0 L3 ~
  waiting 和saw 的主语相同。
$ u# i: F( @0 W; u- S- i8 a! B  4 分词作补语   H- U2 c2 M5 b4 A3 l) Y! a
  通常在感官动词和使役动词之后,如: 9 i" Q' E. @( T4 X* u8 h; i6 v
  I found my car missing. 我发现我的车不见了。 6 M3 W- ^& l$ i
  I’ll have my watch repaired. 我想把我的手表修一下。
+ _$ ]9 t$ R( m1 C( t  5 分词作表语
" n/ s4 O) A9 f9 Z8 R8 E0 Z  o  现在分词: 表示主动,正在进行
; d0 F! d3 Z% }& \  过去分词: 表示被动考试用书,已经完成 * V9 a& ], a: }! I
  She looked tired with cooking. 她由于忙着做饭,看上去有些疲倦。 % T. E3 L9 ~' [9 E! L6 ?5 Q
  He remained standing beside the table. 他依然站在桌旁。   {) L6 g4 z8 M; T& O
  6 分词作插入语 6 d, N5 q" c4 T- T
  其结构是固定的,意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。
; `( ^0 j4 @  [: z; |' @5 f  generally speaking 一般说来 ( ?1 j9 J; z! [0 E5 ~/ M0 W+ m6 F
  talking of (speaking of) 说道 www.Examw.CoM
+ T- g) P) m( S8 t' z  strictly speaking 严格的说 - U  b+ `3 n% @9 j; s$ E
  judging from 从…判断
" Z/ a) x0 U5 t! ^& a  all things considered 从整体来看
$ g: |) p/ N  I5 R  taking all things into consideration 全面看来
! J5 i- X+ a# y2 r  Judging from his face, he must be ill. 从他的脸色看,他一定是病了。
9 i) c& \& T2 m3 W4 `6 w" L- |$ g% f  Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 总的来说,狗比猪跑得快。 (speaking 并不是dogs 的动作)
( P- y3 V& H. W( v. o2 E2 S8 P- L, G  7 分词的时态
- m" \+ G4 A( U0 A: o  1)与主语动词同时,
5 S8 K' ^. |+ l- ]  Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.  听到这一消息,他高兴得手舞足蹈。
/ G5 ?+ W# b/ s  m1 @- m; R  Arriving there, they found the boy dead. 刚一到那儿,他们就发现那男孩死了。 / D, w. h! M1 G0 }/ L" x+ T
  典型例题
' b8 |& m& l; N5 c; G- I  The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president. 7 d) B5 j% Y- t) \6 N0 J
  A. to prepare  B. preparing  C. prepared  D. was preparing
! C2 F% u1 [& ~! U9 `  答案B. 此处没有连词,不能选D,否则出现了两个谓语动词worked和was preparing。 只能在B,C中选一个。又因前后两个动作同时发生,且与主语为主动关系,应用现在分词。
0 }( ?+ X; e# q  2)先于主动词
* O2 G+ N8 O$ E( E. P  k& y  While walking in the garden,he hurt his leg. 在花园里散步时他伤了腿。
* f; L! }* R  g/ K& l9 |  分词作时间状语,如果先与主动词的动作,且强调先后, 要用having done。
# Z0 W4 g) ]! Q. ^  Having finished his homework, he went out. ( `, i0 @0 t. c
  =As he had finished his homework, he went out. " W. `7 _. D0 s& j. g
  做完作业后,他出去了。
& B% R3 K4 e' p# Y. {: {- W3 p  典型例题
8 Q7 q& T( \6 g- Q7 a( E* `  ___ a reply, he decided to write again. 5 Z# h+ a' x5 \/ k" n
  A. Not receiving  B. Receiving not  C. Not having received  D. Having not received
- |) U+ M/ E* P8 c- n" z  答案C. 本题考查分词的时态来源:www.Examw.com与分词的否定式。根据题意判断,分词的动作(接信)发生在谓语动词的动作(决心再写信)之前,因此用分词的完成式。分词的否定式的构成为not +分词,故选C。该句可理解为:Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again. * h4 V2 n/ r- n. e0 G7 E6 F1 e/ r
  8 分词的语态 + E8 r, ]( R% N8 k- Q! F
  1)通常,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动,例如: " l; h6 R+ g; F+ Y0 d
  He is the man giving you the money. (= who gave you…) 他就是给你钱的那个人。 8 [7 }( W% m% U/ |) U! K6 A
  He is the man stopped by the car.  ( = who was stopped by…)
( X6 L, ^% S- z9 x9 m- Z+ s  他就是那个被车拦住的人。 6 [8 _2 t  ]1 d( g5 |% ?% b% @* A
  2)不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生
9 h8 e# ~6 Q$ J1 _  gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned 7 x1 @* z7 o$ {' l! t' D
  例: a well-read person.  一个读过许多书的人 9 V% J2 e% M, a2 K5 t# a
  a much-travelled may 一个去过许多地方的人 中华考试论坛' R! D0 c: L4 B# c! S) Y5 r/ L- t% w
  a burnt-out match   烧完了的火柴
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