公共英语五级语法辅导：分词

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　   分词作定语
　　1 分词前置
　　We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日
0 L9 R+ C) s1 m1 i9 V; Y$ K( w" h　　He is a retired worker.　 他是位退休的工人
　　分词后置 (i.分词词组；ii. 个别分词如given, left； iii. 修饰不定代词 something等)
6 C, J% P4 B4 G! T9 m& w8 s/ P9 o　　There was a girl sitting there.　有个女孩坐在那里
+ }; l" R) P( w* k! D: ?4 }　　This is the question given.　　 这是所给的问题
　　There is nothing interesting.　 没有有趣的东西
　　过去分词作定语
" h* s" J5 C7 E3 k$ t' z4 z1 l　　与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
+ Z/ c2 N5 |6 {0 d　　Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.
　　Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.
　　典型例题
　　1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
　　A. have written　 B. to be written　 C. being written　 D. written
　　答案D. 书与写作是被动关系，应用过去分词做定语表被 动，相当于定语从句 which is written
　　2）What’s the language ____ in Germany?
7 g4 S! B( o& I; p　　A. speaking　　B. spoken　　 C. be spoken　　D. to speak
* m: c5 Y' E7 H4 S; d　　答案B. 主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。
0 U3 {% @; _" z　　spoken是动词speak的过去分词形式，在句中作定语，修饰主语language, spoken 与 language有被动关系。该句可以理解为：
) O! x0 o4 {* q0 E2 j　　What’s the language (which is) spoken in German?
　　2 分词作状语
2 O9 F6 r1 W2 W3 E) m. v, y7 Y; X( Q　　As I didn’t receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.
. r: z9 a! g3 w* m& `　　-> Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.
7 X2 c& x+ m5 I& ?+ \　　由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了电话。
　　If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.
# Q0 r! `. L+ O2 j* n3 B) H5 E" c　　-> Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.
" r; K3 t5 o) @8 o; R　　假如多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好。
# k3 |0 a. ^' s! Z5 h. W　　典型例题
　　1）_____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
2 g+ H; s! M  {' H, ]　　A. Followed　 B. Followed by　 C. Being followed　 D. Having been followed
　　答案B. Napoleon 与follow 之间有被动的含义。being followed除表达被动之外，还有动作正在进行之意。 followed by（被…跟随）。本题可改为：　　With some officials following, Napoleon inspected his army.
　　2）There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.
　　A. followed　 B. following　 C. to be followed　 D. being followed
8 j) o- M! h* R5 y9 B4 f0 X9 b　　答案B. 由于声音在闪电后，因此为声跟随着光，声音为跟随的发出者，为主动。用现在分词。
- H" r% E. ~) g+ y8 o/ D  _2 H, S8 U　　3）_______, liquids can be changed into gases.
　　A. Heating　 B. To be heated　 C. Heated　 D. Heat
! S- h9 y8 C/ P1 R8 y+ s　　答案C. 本题要选一分词作为状语。现在分词表主动，正在进行的；过去分词表被动的，已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者，是被动的，因而选C。它相当于一个状语从句 When it is heated，…
　　注意： 选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。
; I0 a0 d; v" Y: a9 r9 T　　(Being ) used for a long time, the book looks old.
　　由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。
" ~' z6 p  Z6 P* w( ]' ?　　Using the book, I find it useful.
: Z# W6 K8 x# N　　在使用的过程中，　我发现这本书很有用。