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[PETS五级] 2011年公共英语五级辅导:基础知识(七)

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发表于 2012-8-14 13:28:15 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
形容词和副词的比较等级   比较等级分为原级、比较级和最高级。
, |5 d' f) ]7 ~& k1 O* ]& t2 }' j  1.原级用法
/ a7 H( M2 W/ t& b" C  ① 表示被比较双方在某一方面相等或相同时, 用as + adj / adv + as结构, 表示“…和…一样” 。如:, P. i/ s% C" T* q
  a. Xiao Li is as tall as his sister.: v( g: R, H6 b7 O$ Y* s
  b. It is as cold today as it was yesterday.
2 N9 r  H, s. ^3 u6 }# e2 i( k2 A  c. There are as many seats in this hall as in that hall.
: r5 G5 g0 Q! M* e  ② 表示被比较双方在某一方面不相等或不同时, 用not as / so + adj / adv + as, 表示“…和…不一样”2 H, z( J5 K2 f; G# c) W
  a. Xiao Li is not as / so tall as his brother.( f( A4 j% Z# P, q
  b. It is not so / as cold today as yesterday.
8 U) F  }- O5 X7 r$ X  c. There are not so / as many seats in this hall as in that hall.
+ T6 b4 T8 c- b" r3 @+ k  2.比较级的用法
+ }9 L  z7 M  l: f/ E1 ^  E* Z0 @  ① 对方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用“比较级 + than”的结构表示。如:
4 x$ k  T( _( V5 J: F! m' C* l: P  This picture is more beautiful than that one.
2 p! O' h8 I* Z* b$ }$ F  ② 表示一方不及另一方时,用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示。如:4 W/ K4 z( E! K& w' h6 A- M
  This room is less beautiful than that one.) N8 i8 q. _8 Q, `
  ③ 表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比较级前加表示程度的状语,如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by fay等修饰。如:# [8 b) x( P" ~7 C' A
  He works even harder than before.7 l6 M* k; J( i
  注意:英语的比较级前如无even、still或yet等时,译成汉语时可用“较”或“…一些”或不译出,一般不可有“更”。如:
; V2 [2 z# G) Y* R$ R  She is better than she was yesterday." O* k" K# W& @0 E' f; F
  Please come earlier tomorrow.
. v4 @  d2 E3 `3 R# Y  另注意:by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面,如在前面,应在二者中间加“the”。如:, B# q* s7 @  q' D! W. w. C4 u6 h
  He is taller by far than his brother.
# v4 m; [# |- v/ |; X  He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
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 楼主| 发表于 2012-8-14 13:28:16 | 显示全部楼层

2011年公共英语五级辅导:基础知识(七)

</p>  ④ 表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时,用“the + 比较级(主语 + 谓语),the + 比较级(主语 + 谓语)”的结构(意为“越……越……”)。如:* z: B( n# g& _# N! n/ l# O
  The harder he works, the happier he feels.
: i& ^- N/ E8 A2 v  ⑤ 不与其他事物相比,表示本身程度的改变时,用“比较级 + and + 比较级”的结构。如:
  Q) R1 q1 p! r) ~: z& D+ [% M  The weather is getting colder and colder.' P1 s# U' Q( I% D. k
  The girl becomes more and more beautiful., t2 W% Z' r& G
  ⑥ 某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时,用to代替than。这些词有inferior(劣等的,次的)、superior(较好的,优于……)、junior(资历较浅的)、senior(资格较老的)、prior(在……之前)等。$ L6 y2 q: U/ ]% s# K  @  k
  He is superior to Mr. Zhang in chemistry.. Y. [9 b- f) B
  ⑦ 在比较从句中为了避免重复,我们通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,而one只能代替可数名词。2 Q: r& y/ ?1 ~! G9 \: D( `
  The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.: n2 H, F5 X( q0 O5 [6 [) F$ ^  u2 Y* R
  A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.# c! r& l+ {( R' M7 w
  ⑧ 倍数表达法。* u  l3 N) y  s3 Y9 x
  (A)A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.. I: t3 }4 {2 c) Q: \5 s( Z$ O* v4 T
  如:The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.: t6 j5 A( b# d+ H* y' d/ V% |
  (B)A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.
2 p3 \  X* U4 @  如:Asia is four times as large as Europe.$ o1 ]6 Y- z% M: \
  (C)A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.( W" N+ F- o2 }9 s9 e4 x" Z& Y1 e
  如:Your school is three times bigger than ours.
7 Q4 t) r1 t' C. Z+ t' C: v% W  用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上,两倍可以用twice或double.+ h# K' ?$ g1 R9 A
  3.最高级的用法
' j9 m2 {6 \" [2 ?8 ]. M( x  ①三者或三者以上相比,表示最高程度时,用“the + 最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如:1 E4 z8 M5 j0 p9 V& A! S* w) e: k3 z
  Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.' M  i6 t5 G) o
  He works(the)hardest in his class.2 v, I% Q9 j  j' O
  ②最高级可被序数词以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等词语所修饰。如:7 B# B' k+ l" K3 C  a( ]% S. C4 U: Y
  This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like the biggest.
# B+ N6 j; j0 w9 o1 T# S, m$ c  How much did the second most expensive hat cost?7 c4 _- K' P$ c- C# g) B( O2 [
  ③表示“最高程度”的形容词,如excellent、extreme、perfect等,没有最高级,也不能用比较级。: T1 S# s' [3 q3 c  P' p
  ④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时,被修饰的词往往省略。如:
. j7 R! @( s0 n$ ^/ y* q  He is the tallest(boy)in his class.3 }6 V- f0 ~; q' [" y
  ⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。如:
( u7 O5 z  h, K9 S7 t. Z& a  Of all the boys he came(the)earliest.
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