1. "cannot…too…"结构,"cannot…too…"意为"It is impossible to overdo…"或者,即"无论怎样……也不算过分"。"not"可换用"hardly","scarcely"等,"too"可换用"enough","sufficient"等 ( V) B" v& E( i/ ? You cannot be too careful. q7 b) l+ D0 J5 H5 g2 M1 ]1 t' S
2. "否定+but "结构,在否定词后面的"but",具有"which not","who not","that not",等等否定意义,构成前后的双重否定。可译成"没有……不是"或"……都……"等 # @2 K4 z& t! r- [% O Nothing is so bad but it might have been worse. ! p% a7 C) Y' R7 L
3. "否定+until (till)"结构,在否定词"no","not","never","little","few","seldom"等的后边所接用的"until/till",多数情况下译为"直到……才……","要……才……",把否定译为肯定。 / Z; s8 x5 {+ X l- V) w+ J8 ]6 |9 i0 Y/ m
Nobody knows what he can do till he has tried. - r' ^7 i( l, Y% Q7 x
4. "not so…but"和"not such a …but"结构,这两个结构和"否定+but"的结构差不多,不同之点是这两个结构中的"but"是含有"that…not"意味的连续词,表示程度。可译为"还没有到不能做……的程度","并不是……不……","无论怎样……也不是不能……"等。 - I. k; g( i8 L) w
He is not so sick but he can come to school. 0 I$ e; X5 P4 T" |6 r$ Q 5. "疑问词+should…but "结构,这个结构表示过去的意外的事,意为"none…but",可译为"除了……还有谁会……","岂料","想不到……竟是……"等。 3 s' N0 ^6 j% T# ? Who should write it but himself? $ P2 K+ i% x/ f! ~# L
6. "who knows but (that)…"和"who could should…but"结构,这个结构是反问形式,一般意译为"多半","亦未可知"等等,有时也可直译。 5 p! |( ~ X: Z' m Who knows but (that) he may go? , \* v$ N$ `* ?+ C* H' e" z 7. "祈使句+and"和"祈使句+or"结构,"祈使句+and"表示"If…you…","祈使名+or"表示"if…not…,you。 3 Y3 O3 e. C! J9 o0 U Add love to a house and you have a home. Aad righteousness to a city and you have a community. Aad truth to a pile of red brick and you have a school. 1 q5 z* z0 J: S1 l1 F1 C# E- c0 I
8. "名词+and"结构,在这个结构中,名词等于状语从句,或表示条件,或表示时间。