雅思听力：听力中常见的听力结构（上）

会计考友

雅思听力：听力中常见的听力结构
4 b& E  \- j* k: I/ n* Z/ _1．Everyone should know where the nearest fire alarm box is located and where exits, fire escapes, and fire doors are．
　　结构：本句有三个谓语动词，其中主句的谓语动词为should know，其余两个都是由where引导的并列宾语从句。本句可以拆分为：
3 o6 c  s8 W# \# R: U$ |　　1）Everyone should know．
　　2）Where the nearest fire alarm box is located．
7 ?. O8 H# A; c! m' V' D4 S　　3）Where exits, fire escapes, and fire doors are．
　　翻译：每个人都应该知道最近的火灾报警箱的位置，以及安全出口、安全梯及防火门位于何处。
4 f. n1 t; b! h/ `8 E! O　　2．The way space is used to enable the individual to achieve privacy, to build homes or to design cities is culturally influenced．
　　结构：本句有2个谓语动词，其中第二个is influenced是主句的谓语动词，主干是The way is culturally influenced。第一个is used是定语从句的谓语动词，但是该定语从句省略了引导词。定语从句中三个并列的不定式短语动词to achieve privacy, to build homes or to design cities共同作为is used的目的状语。本句可以拆分为：
9 M* ~, b* d) `  M# @　　1）The way is culturally influenced．
7 f3 b9 {7 _0 P& |5 S　　2）Space is used to enable the individual to achieve privacy, to build homes or to design cities．
$ [' d  @& J; I- T　　翻译：怎样利用空间来获得个人隐私、建造家园以及设计城市都会受到文化的影响。
　　3．I wanted her to know that my heart was with her, and that I thought England owed her a great debt and was going to miss her．
( ?3 o; I- @& b6 Z( V: k　　结构：本句有5个谓语动词，其中主句的谓语动词为wanted。was和thought分别属于两个由that引导的并列宾语从句。而owed和was going为两个并列的谓语动词，共同主语为England。England这句话前面为了避免重复而省略了宾语从句的引导词that，实际上是thought的宾语从句。本句可以拆分为：
' ?1 y/ m. U& w3 @. X　　1）I wanted her to know．
+ _. G3 v3 C5 n- O; N" Y. t　　2）That my heart was with her．
- ^, e; b+ L0 G6 A( a6 U　　3）That I thought．
　　4）(That）England owed her a great debt and was going to miss her．
: \) R; S* l3 A/ h　　翻译：我想让她知道我的心陪伴着她，而且我认为英国欠了她一大笔债，很快就会想念她。
　　4．Keeping your head, (instead of crowding and pushing to get to an exit), may make the difference between life and death when fire breaks out．
　　结构：本句有两个谓语动词，其中主句的谓语动词为may make，其主语是动名词短语keeping your head。breaks out是when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词。插入语(instead of…)中的crowding和pushing两个动名词是平行并列结构。本句可以拆分为：
7 j% D; N: a2 K% [; N2 z　　1）Keeping your head may make the difference between life and death．
' ]( A0 \5 g1 }' k* x. H2 C$ O+ r　　2）When fire breaks out．
! k0 V- E! m; c　　翻译：当发生火灾时，保持头脑冷静，而不是向安全出口拥堵，能够带来生与死的不同结果。