</p>三、assume及claim使用不够准确
: k A1 K: k, E% Y F我们知道, think, assume, claim是议论文中常用引出观点的动词。在实际作文中,同学们往往认为几个词的意思是一样的,完全可以代换,所以拿过来就用。甚至还有同学把consider也拿过来与之混用。我们首先还是从定义来看这几个词的不同:3 b z& u4 N2 K" {) C
Think: to have opinion or belief about sth.
) |3 u7 H+ r" y翻译为“认为”,通常接宾语从句来表达比较确定的观点。+ K% [* `$ ~0 ~# h' [$ w+ `
Assume: to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof of it.
) j7 J& P+ ^0 N翻译为“假设、假定”,是否有事实依据是不确定的。/ E( j5 \5 f+ f. m
Claim: to say sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believe it.
+ h8 ?' ?8 f6 I- \& o: a翻译为“声称”,用这个词往往意味着不赞同紧跟其后的观点,所以很少用作 ‘I claim that…0 j8 v* M8 v" ^' ^. u
Scientist are claiming a breakthrough in the fight against cancer, but in fact, ….
& s% _6 b# {1 i* i8 }所以 ‘It is claimed that’ 通常翻译为“有报道称。。。”。和‘it is reported that ’的区别在于后者翻译为“据报道”,往往代表着作者赞同报告的内容,
" F6 Z+ [' t# A+ w1 AConsider: to think about sth carefully, especially in order to make a decision+ K2 M$ C& }1 t( }5 x u4 ^/ [
翻译为“考虑”,一般不用作引出观点,看个例子:8 F% h4 u8 k* ^$ O
We are considering buying a new car.
8 R3 R4 G2 Z- m3 Z所以,提醒您,千万不要在雅思大作文的第一段(观点表达段)就因为用词把握不准而导致对整篇文章的低分印象。: N4 A5 {8 g9 z# }5 |3 f
四、表“建议”的词汇后面忘记用虚拟从句
6 z) x4 w7 m/ X- x这是摘自学生作文中的一个病句:
3 ]! R0 H6 E4 r1 f9 TI suggest he continues his study instead of working after graduation from high school.7 s/ j% d$ R% J; Y
所以提醒您,一定要牢记以下常见表“建议”的词汇,而且要记住这些词接从句时要用虚拟语气:因为 ‘suggest’翻译为“建议”,所以后面的从句应该用虚拟语气,黑体部分应该改为 “(should) continue”: a* X! n7 q# z4 L% \; J1 _$ y
Recommend, suggest, advise
F9 j0 B) g& S五、such as与for example的混用 Z$ j$ \* u4 V8 u! Z
我们知道,在表示举例子的时候,such as 与like是完全等同的,如:Wild flowers such as/like orchids and primroses are becoming rare." F' p w8 z# N: P: r
但是同学们对于Such as、for example 的把握还是不够准确。我们都知道,后者接句子前者接词语表示举例子。于是就有了下面的写法:) u: K- F- C1 C& y9 q
There is a similar word in many languages, such as in French and Italian.
" u( |; F, b0 f- p" D这里的such as改为 for example为好,因为“in French and Italian”其实是“there is a similar word in French and Italian”的简化,所以要用 for example来引出例证。再来看几个类似的例子:
q7 t7 C4 h) g+ TIt is possible to combine computer science with other subjects, for example physics.
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