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[雅思写作] 雅思写作辅导:写作最常用错的五组词

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发表于 2012-8-14 21:56:24 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
雅思小作文因为比较模式化,相对来说用错词的情况也少一些。提醒考生们在常见错误方面应注意:在谈及价位时我们应该用高低而非大小贵贱来表达,即high/low price 而非big/small price 或者expensive/cheap price; great value而不是big value; their living condition is poor而非bad等等。其实,小作文中比较集中的错误在“比较与对比”搞不清楚,所以出现 ‘compare’与 ‘contrast’ 的使用错误,这里我们详细说一下。
: e2 w* ^7 Y8 {3 K6 R一、compare与contrast的误用
' l7 [! z* U; c% g( [5 H$ C我们先从两者的定义入手来看两者的区别。Compare的定义为:to examine people or things to see how they are similar or different. Contrast的定义为:to compare two or more things to show the difference between them. 由定义不难看出前者侧重于找到两个或多个事物的异同,而后者则侧重于它们的不同。
+ c# e! Y7 `: N. z看个例句:
# k2 d5 x3 r7 ~It is interesting to compare their situations to ours./It is interesting to contrast their situations to ours.6 Q. G& F2 F- a# M& ~8 F
前一句翻译为:对比一下我们的情况与他们的情况会很有趣。$ s2 Z2 ]" E3 L) S4 _  y
后一句的翻译为:我们的情况与他们的情况有很大的不同,这很有趣。
1 c: q' z. h& \' _再看一个引自OXFORD ADBANCED LEARNER’S DICTIONARY的例子:
3 U! F$ Z8 z  iThere is an obvious contrast between the culture of East and West." w0 L  M) O+ M- |) h! ~
The company lost $7 million in contrast to a profit of $6.2 million a year earlier.
$ E- K7 u; W! O4 UWhen you look at their new system, ours seems very old-fashioned by contrast.
* k3 s7 ]5 |9 ~  L. J+ ?不难发现,Compare 翻译为“ 与。。。相比”而contrast可译为“明显不同的是。。。”,切记这种翻译方式就不会用错彼此了。
+ |$ L! R6 Y4 E! O( C二、介词使用错误% n1 R* v! l0 g9 e2 v' H
1、普通介词的误用8 ?) r. A, }  l, v! b. a5 z% G
一般表现为固定搭配错误,如常把provide sb with sth用成provide sb sth; be satisfied with用成be satisfied for等等,虽然这样的错误看似无伤大雅,但在考官眼里就是影响顺畅阅读的,当然会影响最终成绩。解决的办法简单而古老:把常见的固定搭配牢记于心,问题自然就解决了。
' p7 Q! o2 A7 P2、“to”作为介词的误用
4 K5 t  K% b4 o% G5 k“to”最常见的用法是以动词不定式符号的形式出现的,所以同学们也已经习惯了 “to do”的固定搭配。对于一些如walk to me, to the left等介词to表方向等常见用法一般也不会出现错误。但是对于与动词搭配的介词to就会经常犯错:0 X, R' m  s) R  s
如:
0 r  C7 E) o3 h' [6 p5 A6 x9 T% P  CMore and more students have taken to depend on their parents to make decision for them.- l3 Y' f$ h/ V+ o
这里的 ‘take to’ means ‘to begin to do sth as a habit’ 其中 ‘to’为介词,所以后面只能接名词或相当于名词的词,如动名词。所以黑体处应改为“depending on”。“take to”的另一个常用用法也需要牢记:4 o/ {- q) d) t* y' U: Y5 ~2 |6 _- }1 x
Prefer A to B中的 “to”也是介词,会有 prefer doing sth to doing sth/ prefer sth to sth else, 这里提醒您,“prefer to do sth rather than do sth”中的“to”可是真正的不定式符号。He hasn’t taken to his new school. (这里‘take to’ means ‘to start liking sb or sth’)
: u( D6 @, |$ M# }6 F+ }: m类似的常用用法请同学们牢记:
- V0 M% \4 Y. L" I/ lBe used to doing( r. {8 o1 z% I' {" ]4 w
Be accustomed to doing3 H5 y# t& R, W5 q
See to doing, \" ]. L  l6 K! r
Adapt to doing% n6 w! i8 w5 `4 u
Adjust to doing
. \" l. @+ S8 c; W+ D1 C4 Tprefer doing sth. to doing sth.; q- O0 s; D, a- p/ @
等等,请注意平时仔细积累。中 华 考 试 网
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 楼主| 发表于 2012-8-14 21:56:25 | 显示全部楼层

雅思写作辅导:写作最常用错的五组词

</p>三、assume及claim使用不够准确
: k  A1 K: k, E% Y  F我们知道, think, assume, claim是议论文中常用引出观点的动词。在实际作文中,同学们往往认为几个词的意思是一样的,完全可以代换,所以拿过来就用。甚至还有同学把consider也拿过来与之混用。我们首先还是从定义来看这几个词的不同:3 b  z& u4 N2 K" {) C
Think: to have opinion or belief about sth.
) |3 u7 H+ r" y翻译为“认为”,通常接宾语从句来表达比较确定的观点。+ K% [* `$ ~0 ~# h' [$ w+ `
Assume: to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof of it.
) j7 J& P+ ^0 N翻译为“假设、假定”,是否有事实依据是不确定的。/ E( j5 \5 f+ f. m
Claim: to say sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believe it.
+ h8 ?' ?8 f6 I- \& o: a翻译为“声称”,用这个词往往意味着不赞同紧跟其后的观点,所以很少用作 ‘I claim that…0 j8 v* M8 v" ^' ^. u
Scientist are claiming a breakthrough in the fight against cancer, but in fact, ….
& s% _6 b# {1 i* i8 }所以 ‘It is claimed that’ 通常翻译为“有报道称。。。”。和‘it is reported that ’的区别在于后者翻译为“据报道”,往往代表着作者赞同报告的内容,
" F6 Z+ [' t# A+ w1 AConsider: to think about sth carefully, especially in order to make a decision+ K2 M$ C& }1 t( }5 x  u4 ^/ [
翻译为“考虑”,一般不用作引出观点,看个例子:8 F% h4 u8 k* ^$ O
We are considering buying a new car.
8 R3 R4 G2 Z- m3 Z所以,提醒您,千万不要在雅思大作文的第一段(观点表达段)就因为用词把握不准而导致对整篇文章的低分印象。: N4 A5 {8 g9 z# }5 |3 f
四、表“建议”的词汇后面忘记用虚拟从句
6 z) x4 w7 m/ X- x这是摘自学生作文中的一个病句:
3 ]! R0 H6 E4 r1 f9 TI suggest he continues his study instead of working after graduation from high school.7 s/ j% d$ R% J; Y
所以提醒您,一定要牢记以下常见表“建议”的词汇,而且要记住这些词接从句时要用虚拟语气:因为 ‘suggest’翻译为“建议”,所以后面的从句应该用虚拟语气,黑体部分应该改为 “(should) continue”: a* X! n7 q# z4 L% \; J1 _$ y
Recommend, suggest, advise
  F9 j0 B) g& S五、such as与for example的混用  Z$ j$ \* u4 V8 u! Z
我们知道,在表示举例子的时候,such as 与like是完全等同的,如:Wild flowers such as/like orchids and primroses are becoming rare." F' p  w8 z# N: P: r
但是同学们对于Such as、for example 的把握还是不够准确。我们都知道,后者接句子前者接词语表示举例子。于是就有了下面的写法:) u: K- F- C1 C& y9 q
There is a similar word in many languages, such as in French and Italian.
" u( |; F, b0 f- p" D这里的such as改为 for example为好,因为“in French and Italian”其实是“there is a similar word in French and Italian”的简化,所以要用 for example来引出例证。再来看几个类似的例子:
  q7 t7 C4 h) g+ TIt is possible to combine computer science with other subjects, for example physics.
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