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[名师指导] 名师指导:分析IBT阅读词汇题和文本插入题

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发表于 2012-8-14 22:29:13 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
词汇题:   基本介绍: ( `3 S/ d; d; `0 d
  iBT阅读词汇题指的是从语言环境(简称语境)中理解词汇。语境在这里又称上下文。英语单词常常是一词多义,词汇题除了考察考生是否具备一定单词量以外,还测试考生在一定语境下准确地理解词义的技能。这类题不属于新题型,新托福的变化在于单词的难度降低,而灵活性却大大增加。新托福更侧重考生的阅读能力,而不是单纯的考查某一个孤立的语言点。
; n# W+ g! f4 {5 u. `  Z& y/ b  常用题型:
) ^1 k, [5 E  y( }/ k  The word/phrase…in the passage is closest in meaning to…0 R2 l0 {: `3 X! S
  The word/phrase…in the passage means…, P! p: Q# ~( z3 X
  The word/phrase… in paragraph…refers to…
* ?! _  s& ^# z4 L, h  o* W7 g  What is…?
% s2 P$ e) q/ R& ~* N  “猜词”
8 I; E. T6 c% ~4 t  k& {& T# I  词汇量大对于理解一篇文章来说至关重要。不过有时可通过上下文来推断或猜测词意,比如可通过例句,对比词,同义词活文章其他段落的解释等。
, q9 B3 \5 z% M" ]. [) a   “推断”
/ Q4 @) t6 K( ?" ^/ N9 a, \  英语单词常常一词多义,准确的词义一定要依语境而定。值得注意的是,并不是所有的词都能从语境种推断出来,在又干扰项的情况下,你有时没有任何线索可以猜测出生词的词义,事先记住该词的词义是唯一正确回答该题的方式。
' j% m" w# l0 c- `' s# f, G  3. “增加词汇量”
. e8 |. m' I; t; V. Z  掌握一定的词汇量是很重要的。每一篇文章种都有2至3个词汇题,总共8至10个。( O9 E- d/ w9 c5 B, G
  案例:
% J+ `1 D& u- |! k  Q  Trends in clothing fashions are often engineered by clothing designers, advertisers, and the media to create a particular “look”. The “grunge” look is an example of a heavily promoted fashion. Fashions are more universally subscribed to than fads. Wearing athletic shoes as casual attire is a good example of a universal fashion.3 M, X2 {, S  b( j/ [
  Glossary:- y, A$ ?; J/ G
  Grunge: One that is dirty, inferior, obnoxious, or boring.; E9 Q. f2 `" R  {
  The words subscribed to in the passage is closest in meaning to
0 b& X! `6 I) p6 u; n  C  A: advertised. i) U$ _& k( w4 D
  B: donated to
" D+ Y) p" q: K3 _. X! |( t  C: followed  x7 A% f8 p: l8 x& F$ V- F  Z
  D: led
( g# o+ ?, ?6 }  分析: 0 T% e; H2 U: z- g4 p  C, y
  1. 选项C正确. Followed意为追随,按语境来说是在意思上最接近subscribed to.
* F- k8 W2 D, X! g8 o  2. 选项A属干扰项,是promoted同义词. Donate to虽然有subscribe to的意思,但不能在这个语境下使用,它是subscribe to 的其他意思, subscribe to money指给慈善机构或大选后选人捐款.4 Q4 |, V4 a7 U2 d6 j
  3. 选项D的原形lead是follow的反义词,起干扰作用.! t" K; a8 w* N% ?0 P" ?' B' b
  总之,排除干扰选项,即临近词的同义词,所考查词汇的近义词,反义词及概括总结上下文的词汇等,加上上面的考试技巧,相信可以取得不错的成绩!/ ^8 `9 f  K" ?, Z+ s0 Q
  插入文本题:: y0 ]' A9 P2 O/ D8 {
  基本介绍:
( F. Z2 H  r2 C  文章中有4处空格,题干是一句话,要求考生根据逻辑关系把句子拖拽到文章的段落中最合适的地方,这也是拖拽题中的一种形式。衔接词包括代词,形容词,关联词等表示过渡的短语。这类题要求考生快速了解文章的结构,提炼中心思想。
- I; b1 F) s% ]1 l0 ^  h1 n  出题形式: ) {7 f, g3 p2 d! W; M* {
  托福阅读考试有3篇文章,每篇可涉及0至1道此类问题,总共有3题。这类题型考查考生对文章的合理性和完整性的判断,以及句与句之间和段与段之间的逻辑关系。
3 `2 B5 P: M0 O$ \; n  考试技巧:
* f' f7 n3 A- y9 q5 O  A: n8 m. n  熟识各类衔接词:代词,形容词。连词等表示过渡的短语,注意同义词及文中经常重复的词。特别注意重复使用的词,它可以帮你找出表示概括的主题句和表示细节的支持句的关系。一些表示顺序的词要留意:如first…second…another等。: q2 e1 O5 Z, @. `$ g
  案例:# ^* N  R# E! u* U3 g
  Look at the four squares, A, B, C, D, which indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage? Where would the sentence best fit?
( E% C$ w' ^1 G6 X+ ?3 u. T7 N  In addition, human beings require the give and take of actual interaction./ ]$ P  B! u% R" r& E) ?
  The value of these replacement voices should not be oversold. For one thing, almost everyone agrees that too much TV does not one any good and may cause much harm. A Many studies show that excessive TV watching increases violent behavior, especially in children, and can cause, rather than ease, other antisocial behaviors and depression. B Steven Pinker, an expert in children’s language acquisition, warns that children cannot develop language properly by watching television. C They need to interact with actual speakers who respond directly to their specific needs. D Replacement voices are not real voices and in the end can do only limited good.
9 K3 z- T: P3 r2 A9 k( _Where would the sentence best fit?
- f+ G9 Y9 \& p/ }5 I- Z: w" P  Click on a square to …add the sentence to the passage.
9 }+ K  Y* R) M! O$ R  分析:
6 B! f: T, V5 l1 e  选项C正确.注意插入句中的interaction和C句中所提到的interact的意思的重复., l$ Y% y) W8 k5 w
  2. 插入句属概况的主题句, C句是表示细节的支持句,其中的they指代human beings.
, `2 l# K/ z$ C9 A6 r0 f4 k# ]  总之,把握住了以上技巧,加上自己的努力,相信可以轻松突破iBT阅读插入文本题.
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