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[名师指导] 名师指导:分析IBT阅读词汇题和文本插入题

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发表于 2012-8-14 22:29:13 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
词汇题:   基本介绍: : e0 F, u0 W8 k7 b- d
  iBT阅读词汇题指的是从语言环境(简称语境)中理解词汇。语境在这里又称上下文。英语单词常常是一词多义,词汇题除了考察考生是否具备一定单词量以外,还测试考生在一定语境下准确地理解词义的技能。这类题不属于新题型,新托福的变化在于单词的难度降低,而灵活性却大大增加。新托福更侧重考生的阅读能力,而不是单纯的考查某一个孤立的语言点。
9 q0 [6 Q3 W, S3 t( _) l- a  常用题型:8 m' p0 I" Y/ G, c
  The word/phrase…in the passage is closest in meaning to…& A. R+ I5 v  o
  The word/phrase…in the passage means…8 N% S6 o/ Y0 X
  The word/phrase… in paragraph…refers to…& H/ s0 w* K, F' J( a
  What is…?
0 l( J0 z" Q1 G  L- A) ~% A4 k9 U  “猜词”  d3 [% V, l# i' `; N+ a9 `
  词汇量大对于理解一篇文章来说至关重要。不过有时可通过上下文来推断或猜测词意,比如可通过例句,对比词,同义词活文章其他段落的解释等。
. B+ o2 S1 r: Z   “推断”
& n$ r% p) C7 s4 D* t4 i) p$ Z" P0 o' g  英语单词常常一词多义,准确的词义一定要依语境而定。值得注意的是,并不是所有的词都能从语境种推断出来,在又干扰项的情况下,你有时没有任何线索可以猜测出生词的词义,事先记住该词的词义是唯一正确回答该题的方式。
/ d' f0 Q. i2 F. Y* Y! ^& i& O- f  3. “增加词汇量”
1 K9 C* f- _- r" {5 c4 ~  d0 U  掌握一定的词汇量是很重要的。每一篇文章种都有2至3个词汇题,总共8至10个。# {" {; A9 U0 u$ v+ E
  案例:+ }  p) q) r8 }! K
  Trends in clothing fashions are often engineered by clothing designers, advertisers, and the media to create a particular “look”. The “grunge” look is an example of a heavily promoted fashion. Fashions are more universally subscribed to than fads. Wearing athletic shoes as casual attire is a good example of a universal fashion.
6 L8 q/ I9 }/ q2 m  Glossary:, n% m% w1 v) g9 J! U7 X& K
  Grunge: One that is dirty, inferior, obnoxious, or boring.
/ Z- d8 C! P8 _  The words subscribed to in the passage is closest in meaning to
5 g* W+ w% Y4 Q  A: advertised9 K5 f# t3 e+ E4 \) _
  B: donated to
- z2 E/ K# S0 A$ `: K  C8 a  C: followed" U1 L7 a) L2 v+ ]- {
  D: led
% P; @  K+ j# I9 e6 c. H! Z  分析:
% N7 @; u/ Y4 A  1. 选项C正确. Followed意为追随,按语境来说是在意思上最接近subscribed to.
. c0 G' j8 R, M3 Z3 C  2. 选项A属干扰项,是promoted同义词. Donate to虽然有subscribe to的意思,但不能在这个语境下使用,它是subscribe to 的其他意思, subscribe to money指给慈善机构或大选后选人捐款.
8 m# A* B  i. P  {7 r7 y  3. 选项D的原形lead是follow的反义词,起干扰作用.* L- X  s# G: c7 V3 V9 U( f+ i
  总之,排除干扰选项,即临近词的同义词,所考查词汇的近义词,反义词及概括总结上下文的词汇等,加上上面的考试技巧,相信可以取得不错的成绩!
" q4 K( e5 t2 F8 f" t  插入文本题:% t2 |* Y$ O; Z5 Y0 A
  基本介绍:
8 u$ k- J: O9 d9 v  文章中有4处空格,题干是一句话,要求考生根据逻辑关系把句子拖拽到文章的段落中最合适的地方,这也是拖拽题中的一种形式。衔接词包括代词,形容词,关联词等表示过渡的短语。这类题要求考生快速了解文章的结构,提炼中心思想。
$ p; b5 k" q# Q" m8 Y; Z# [  出题形式:
& \7 L9 B$ d4 F* W- n  托福阅读考试有3篇文章,每篇可涉及0至1道此类问题,总共有3题。这类题型考查考生对文章的合理性和完整性的判断,以及句与句之间和段与段之间的逻辑关系。
1 F8 |$ ]& \! m5 N& ~$ X  考试技巧:
- P( M/ S, O" Z  熟识各类衔接词:代词,形容词。连词等表示过渡的短语,注意同义词及文中经常重复的词。特别注意重复使用的词,它可以帮你找出表示概括的主题句和表示细节的支持句的关系。一些表示顺序的词要留意:如first…second…another等。
0 }0 ^+ d! H7 L( U9 v2 M4 R, i4 U  案例:% k! h. S5 E! O. A) ~/ A. U- D8 n
  Look at the four squares, A, B, C, D, which indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage? Where would the sentence best fit?
1 n2 w: ~7 U% K! u7 h2 y& H! F4 e  In addition, human beings require the give and take of actual interaction.
1 x; U2 i9 R8 ^$ R+ K  The value of these replacement voices should not be oversold. For one thing, almost everyone agrees that too much TV does not one any good and may cause much harm. A Many studies show that excessive TV watching increases violent behavior, especially in children, and can cause, rather than ease, other antisocial behaviors and depression. B Steven Pinker, an expert in children’s language acquisition, warns that children cannot develop language properly by watching television. C They need to interact with actual speakers who respond directly to their specific needs. D Replacement voices are not real voices and in the end can do only limited good.& y; O/ I4 e1 ?3 B( }
Where would the sentence best fit?, \$ }3 ~! s' H) h/ n( L* ^9 Y! {
  Click on a square to …add the sentence to the passage.
3 o# `( D( a9 l7 Y2 V5 e  分析:/ h: p, [; n8 _: i
  选项C正确.注意插入句中的interaction和C句中所提到的interact的意思的重复.6 u$ S9 ?3 M6 e; H- o( c
  2. 插入句属概况的主题句, C句是表示细节的支持句,其中的they指代human beings.
% C5 C7 y2 A3 C2 f0 X3 F. |0 s  总之,把握住了以上技巧,加上自己的努力,相信可以轻松突破iBT阅读插入文本题.
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