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[名师指导] 托福名师:复词及真题解题要点

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发表于 2012-8-14 22:29:13 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
托福考试复词及真题解题要点:副词是TOEEL测试中非常活跃的词类。它与形容词一样,是词类变化题型必考的词性。一般说来,有关副词的题目并不很难。绝大部分考的是副词词性的判断。题型主要有下述几项:(1)副词与形容词混淆(详见本忆要点之[词类变化])(2)否定副词Not 的用法、(3)易混淆的副词。
+ Q1 n! N& m; O+ S4 M5 N副词是TOEEL测试中非常活跃的词类。它与形容词一样,是词类变化题型必考的词性。一般说来,有关副词的题目并不很难。绝大部分考的是副词词性的判断。题型主要有下述几项:(1)副词与形容词混淆(详见本忆要点之[词类变化])(2)否定副词Not 的用法、(3)易混淆的副词。
7 ?% L7 O0 |/ V! y( G, ?副词常考题型及解题要点 3 R4 H3 |2 Z5 k0 O+ @
1 副词与形容词的功能区别:形容词修饰名词;副词修饰除名词以外的所有词性及句子成分
+ o6 r) ^) {# o- L" {9 w2 @[例1] The ordeal of the Cherokee Indians, who were forcible moved from their homeland in the 1830*s, is remembered as the *Tears*. (91.10) . [( Y- N; m3 r9 D
[答案] B 修饰动词moved应用副词forcibly。 $ m$ \/ u7 @4 v
[例2] Although the United States experienced rapidly growth in the first half of the nincieenth century, it was still predominately concerned with agriculture and forestry. (93.10)
- _1 W. Z1 }. G[答案] A 修饰名词growth应用形容词rapid,而不用副词rapidly。 此题是TOEEL常考类型题。请注意以- ly后缀构成的副词通常是命题焦点。
8 y+ Q3 O8 e$ }; U+ o: f+ w& D9 N2. 否定词not与形容词no的区别   v& e) E3 E- b" n
解题要点: 区分副词not和形容词no的命题是TOEEL常考的题型,主要分布在structure (1-15题)中。当not或no出现在选择答案中,应首先判断它所修饰的中心词的词性以决定选哪一个否定词。 ( H. e' l- ?' c7 ]; I/ Q
全真例分析 * W$ t0 N: i% p4 s- X/ w
(1) Since Alaska attained statehood in 1959------- single party has dominated politics there. 5 e4 N8 |2 a. \1 ^; n- S
(A) none
9 |& I+ y( i2 I9 @(B) no 0 X! M/ \" y) @( ~( {3 i: H; @
(C) not
( n2 n/ n0 ?) m8 P  A(D) never (94.1)
" ^& {( a: j% ?; O& J2 D& w% U[答案] B 修饰中心名词party应用形容词no,而非副词not。
5 z. R. J5 L7 C% I  u$ {* p# P(2) ------- social crusade aroused Elizabeth Williams enthusiasm more than the expansion of the United States. 4 E* u3 z5 O1 }7 w
(A) No
/ G6 J3 u( h" Z7 A7 `) K3 J7 P(B) Nothing
5 H+ n4 S( h! `( Q(C) Not : L2 Z: `( ?' B
(D) None (91.10)
$ Y6 \& r  o" F& X* u8 S; ?, l% j7 s/ n6 R/ {5 f- d" {
[答案] 修饰主语名词crusade 应用形容词no. 而非副词not。
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 楼主| 发表于 2012-8-14 22:29:14 | 显示全部楼层

托福名师:复词及真题解题要点

</p>(3) ------- all rainwater falling from a cloud reaches the ground, some of it is lost through evaporation.
5 G% G# I. W: d; t7 |6 w/ R(A) Nowhere : m6 q" r: P4 U) T$ r( ^) {: S
(B) Not + `4 R$ K# G5 P% c; v4 |2 g* ?, C
(C) No : _2 _. s  I9 a1 f. i
(D) None (91.8) 2 t! g: O5 t4 ]+ Y) j
[答案] B 修饰形容词all应用否定副词not。Not all (不是所有的)是固定短语搭配,表示的是部分否定,not all = sosme。
8 I2 t* r, a  [& s! u(4) The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is ------- clearly understood.   U0 N3 U" J% A' {' R4 x) ]6 ?
(A) none
- u2 D8 k- q& V, B5 e+ O(B) no # Z! n9 G- Q8 t( O+ L
(C) not & _5 K+ V, e3 G+ F7 s1 u+ R, ?5 `+ A- L
(D) nor (90.5) & c7 C3 G. p" H  s& s+ m3 r8 K/ U
[答案] C 否定系词is,应用副词not。 ' k6 P% @6 F( m. O( J
(5) Not woman held a presidential cabinet position in the United States until 1933. When Frances Perkins became secretary of labor. (89.1) # c$ F: P7 l, o
[答案] A Not 改为No.
7 M. D6 Y' J8 y- Z& F3. 辨别词形相近的副词和形容词
5 ^2 p: G6 T! a- R; thare (努力、副词)- hardly (几乎不、副词)
7 ]; l8 Z; u7 z. M: D$ {close (接近、形容词)- closely (接近、副词) $ V# A( q/ q' F: ~
near (接近、形容词)- nearly (几乎、副词) . C4 L; U. G* _
most (大多数的、形容词)-mostly(主要地、副词)
  z; ]" v, ^# [late (迟、晚、形容词)-lately(最近、副词) : {6 B5 B2 |" z% g
全真例题分析 1 z: Z2 M4 |( C+ E
(1) Chief Joseph Flesche. A vigorous Omaha leader, worked hardly to make his nation a proud and progressive one. (93.1)
2 M' `5 l) Q: L5 D[答案] B hardly (几乎不)改为hard(努力)。
% ?- V  a# }2 Z(2) Glaciers that develop nearly the North and South Poles advance into the sea. Break into pieces, and become icebergs. (90.8)
; f! e: a6 S$ m* Q" m" W[答案] B 副词nearly意思是“几乎”。此句应改为near(接近)。 3 b& N* x1 C& s
(3) Those electrons most closely to the nucleus are held electromagnetic force. (92.1) 4 q, A. E( l4 C/ F/ d( M/ L
[答案] B most closely 改为most close。
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