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</p>¡¡¡¡0 h0 G& ]0 j* A6 X
7 w. \. r0 v9 A- ^5 j$ f2 v9 |
¡¡¡¡(5) secrets so carefully that no one wrote about glass fiber production until the early
/ O. ]6 a/ x. r* E- H3 h¡¡¡¡seventeenth century. v2 y9 t Q. r, {
¡¡¡¡The eighteenth century brought the invention of "spun glass" fibers. Rene-Antoine de! K9 {7 f# ^; a, g9 B2 Y4 k
¡¡¡¡Reaumur, a French scientist, tried to make artificial feathers from glass. He made fibers1 R4 ^1 ^( D C% M" @9 R
¡¡¡¡by rotating a wheel through a pool of molten glass, pulling threads of glass where the hot
6 B0 |5 J3 {/ E( i! z4 f¡¡¡¡(10) thick liquid stuck to the wheel. His fibers were short and fragile, but he predicted that
7 a5 J" I. H0 A9 B+ Z, N¡¡¡¡spun glass fibers as thin as spider silk would be flexible and could be woven into fabric.
6 t3 T J' F# a1 m¡¡¡¡By the start of the nineteenth century, glassmakers learned how to make longer, stronger
V2 E5 C `4 s, P3 F+ W- C¡¡¡¡fibers by pulling them from molten glass with a hot glass tube. Inventors wound the
# Z2 v8 m& ~. J¡¡¡¡cooling end of the thread around a yarn reel, then turned the reel rapidly to pull more fiber
& e* D* e! J* H7 ]/ T- F- C¡¡¡¡(15) from the molten glass. Wandering tradespeople began to spin glass fibers at fairs, making' |/ C ^+ a4 H% H1 J
¡¡¡¡decorations and ornaments as novelties for collectors, but this material was of little' v( c" T3 q9 Q& I" U
¡¡¡¡practical use; the fibers were brittle, ragged, and no longer than ten feet, the circumference
c& \# U) Y5 P8 ~¡¡¡¡of the largest reels. By the mid-1870's, however, the best glass fibers were finer than silk
2 N' I6 P0 x( W2 h! A¡¡¡¡and could be woven into fabrics or assembled into imitation ostrich feathers to decorate! T2 ^ a0 p2 D+ Y% C$ K
¡¡¡¡(20) hats. Cloth of white spun glass resembled silver; fibers drawn from yellow-orange glass
2 }) R0 g$ U' p: a¡¡¡¡looked golden.; f. K0 |" r) Y( Y. k8 W% j$ e( r
¡¡¡¡Glass fibers were little more than a novelty until the 1930's, when their thermal and2 f4 o$ M2 K, ~0 ?( J4 g' q
¡¡¡¡electrical insulating properties were appreciated and methods for producing continuous
2 U" U9 D& p% w$ i# Z" C¡¡¡¡filaments were developed. In the modern manufacturing process, liquid glass is fed
2 ]# }" s2 n+ [2 i( @* O¡¡¡¡(25) directly from a glass-melting furnace into a bushing, a receptacle pierced with hundreds
1 a8 A% [/ x- B¡¡¡¡of fine nozzles, from which the liquid issues in fine streams. As they solidify, the streams r- P c; D* \7 R! V8 O3 a* r5 C4 Q
¡¡¡¡of glass are gathered into a single strand and wound onto a reel.
& K$ r! z: c' `& ?7 |¡¡¡¡1. Which of the following aspects of glass
. F7 U- f" @- L% i+ a¡¡¡¡fiber does the passage mainly discuss?+ y2 }% W3 T* [) q& q# g& M
¡¡¡¡(A) The major developments in its- A, d0 ]9 |( |
¡¡¡¡production
% l$ [% @$ z; m. x1 q¡¡¡¡(B) Its relationship with pottery making
+ |9 ]- Y3 Y* d* n¡¡¡¡(C) Important inventors in its long history3 T: X6 z2 M& M+ ^% Q: H- W$ B
¡¡¡¡(D) The variety of its uses in modern
7 d" g3 U" m; _6 _5 J6 x0 M2 V¡¡¡¡industry! ?7 t! I y7 s7 X& J
¡¡¡¡2. The word "coarse" in line 1 is closest in
/ J1 V( ]8 C2 O¡¡¡¡meaning to
+ o8 g- w$ W; a2 w¡¡¡¡(A) decorative/ h2 e1 I. ^7 ]+ A
¡¡¡¡(B) natural9 O# z5 V4 D' z+ z6 I' a7 `
¡¡¡¡(C) crude
2 Z5 u! ?+ E0 F, P" N/ @4 J¡¡¡¡(D) weak2 K: ~: r7 b/ v& F2 s
¡¡¡¡3. Why was there nothing written about the
! C2 X1 I* ?6 f |, x3 h! t¡¡¡¡making of Renaissance glass fibers until/ Z9 X% Y4 g4 l2 J1 S- j
¡¡¡¡the seventeenth century?
- F+ P8 L& k$ e T; ~# |% a1 @¡¡¡¡(A) Glassmakers were unhappy with the
0 h M }2 X4 @( Q# k* t" G: G+ t¡¡¡¡quality of the fibers they could make.
. z- A. g# X- [7 {) U/ U¡¡¡¡(B) Glassmakers did not want to reveal O+ x# r V( @9 N
¡¡¡¡the methods they used.
! n( @) k. m; h6 J¡¡¡¡(C) Few people were interested in the1 a( G& A2 E! w& }3 T8 }' {5 e$ F5 \ v
¡¡¡¡Renaissance style of glass fibers. B6 u0 _" G! O% _8 X. d( e
¡¡¡¡(D) Production methods had been well" r W/ I' v1 l6 d
¡¡¡¡known for a long time.8 A) j2 s1 [4 ~7 a
¡¡¡¡4. According to the passage, using a hot
# J1 |" _ k! p+ n, [# i¡¡¡¡glass tube rather than a wheel to pull
) z- I* t4 ^% S9 P9 v. K¡¡¡¡fibers from molten glass made the fibers
0 p) G2 _4 ?! u8 |( l4 S5 F¡¡¡¡(A) quicker to cool0 e( c3 A: \$ ^! q9 \: w
¡¡¡¡(B) harder to bend
* J F L9 Q* X+ B- V¡¡¡¡(C) shorter and more easily broken
: P z) \7 ~% v$ o1 f¡¡¡¡(D) longer and more durable- D" }" w2 s) Z M6 F% A
¡¡¡¡5. The phrase "this material" in line 16 refers V1 e3 B9 U; v; Z+ ^7 Y+ E8 {2 h" p
¡¡¡¡to
4 o* F$ z1 `0 q¡¡¡¡(A) glass fibers
+ s6 A' u% e* W; {; V¡¡¡¡(B) decorations
6 ~$ u" u/ @& x. L! n, _¡¡¡¡(C) ornaments
% b% |; t# m# l; Z+ C+ f* t6 l O¡¡¡¡(D) novelties for collectors
& Z% ~. l4 L- L8 O2 m' b% w* i¡¡¡¡6. The word "brittle" in line 17 is closest in
4 Z4 J" R: b5 V v¡¡¡¡meaning to
0 s, u/ B& H; [- S4 H# I¡¡¡¡(A) easily broken
# t/ x" h2 m! d4 w, G¡¡¡¡(B) roughly made
) _5 `0 B# L1 S5 U9 O1 M6 J¡¡¡¡(C) hairy* K# n+ p* |# [" f4 t% @
¡¡¡¡(D) shiny7 D; E' V% O2 {2 H* C; B
¡¡¡¡7. The production of glass fibers was; c5 U+ l! H3 E$ H! B
¡¡¡¡improved in the nineteenth century by
' p3 o- G/ O |# z' u2 V# h¡¡¡¡which of the following V1 _8 d; {9 q0 v3 m# e3 S# w; h# G
¡¡¡¡(A) Adding silver to the molten glass3 p' N1 o. l1 s+ r. I; ^
¡¡¡¡(B) Increasing the circumference of the, w# F! q! l+ d/ k/ [ a
¡¡¡¡glass tubes
! N( _0 v& V2 K8 {¡¡¡¡(C) Putting silk thread in the center of the
; V7 a, K% s/ y8 K$ e1 h¡¡¡¡fibers
% A2 i* h/ K+ i0 u( B2 U¡¡¡¡(D) Using yam reels
3 d$ W4 J" _- Y% S" G, i0 f¡¡¡¡8. The word "appreciated" in line 23 is! j' U3 F% l; @) C
¡¡¡¡closest in meaning to# i; W* u" ^# M. ]2 w
¡¡¡¡(A) experienced
$ G1 N1 j2 G7 R. Y- Y" G6 }¡¡¡¡(B) recognized: A5 _7 j! M) i% _6 O$ e
¡¡¡¡(C) explored$ r' {1 _1 e' `
¡¡¡¡(D) increased
* S8 Z' T2 u1 v4 x/ _" B/ e¡¡¡¡9. Which of the following terms is defined in9 I' z4 a: d, {1 X% K
¡¡¡¡the passage?
8 d6 |+ c( }. e¡¡¡¡(A) invention (line 7)5 o' W$ b+ d& v, b
¡¡¡¡(B) circumference (line 17), s4 J. a& \+ `7 x) A
¡¡¡¡(C) manufacturing process (line 24)& z( f) f4 L3 y% r1 G
¡¡¡¡(D) bushing (line25)& l1 w* y8 q* s6 V9 S
¡¡¡¡Questions 10-193 ]$ Q# d- K- q( j0 [( B' s
¡¡¡¡The most thoroughly studied cases of deception strategies employed by ground-nesting+ f& T9 T2 K* \% r5 m& I/ X+ }0 g
¡¡¡¡birds involve plovers, small birds that typically nest on beaches or in open fields, their. I$ T2 S$ R; q) D# m: D
¡¡¡¡nests merely scrapes in the sand or earth. Plovers also have an effective repertoire of tricks* C- W6 \/ A# ?2 P# M
¡¡¡¡Line for distracting potential nest predators from their exposed and defenseless eggs or chicks.
. w4 u( F- N0 ]( {) y¡¡¡¡(5) The ever-watchful plover can detect a possible threat at a considerable distance. When
; P7 @: M5 E& g0 G¡¡¡¡she does, the nesting bird moves inconspicuously off the nest to a spot well away from0 m: A9 L1 Q0 n" x! u
¡¡¡¡eggs or chicks. At this point she may use one of several ploys. One technique involves
& M L" b8 K$ K3 w( C- |¡¡¡¡first moving quietly toward an approaching animal and then setting off noisily through
; }! ?6 S8 H6 ~* y- q¡¡¡¡the grass or brush in a low, crouching run away from the nest, while emitting rodent like* P- S1 q3 }8 q
¡¡¡¡(10) squeaks. The effect mimics a scurrying mouse or vole, and the behavior rivets the
7 e: T/ j0 j/ q# Q¡¡¡¡attention of the type of predators that would also be interested in eggs and chicks.8 B; m+ H! B/ z5 z1 B+ ?. f& M( a
¡¡¡¡Another deception begins with quiet movement to an exposed and visible location well& q1 n ~8 ]; Y C
¡¡¡¡away from the nest. Once there, the bird pretends to incubate a brood. When the predator
; C# Z8 t1 L' h8 o¡¡¡¡approaches, the parent flees, leaving the false nest to be searched. The direction in which$ k% A' H2 D0 {3 n
¡¡¡¡(15) the plover "escapes" is such that if the predator chooses to follow, it will be led still further5 d* l3 Z+ } L( d' W- k8 l/ a
¡¡¡¡away from the true nest.7 {3 U1 E5 ]$ |3 B
¡¡¡¡The plover's most famous stratagem is the broken-wing display, actually a continuum. ]9 B* H9 @$ c$ U
¡¡¡¡of injury-mimicking behaviors spanning the range from slight disability to near-complete: E x; K1 f! H9 `* f
¡¡¡¡helplessness. One or both wings are held in an abnormal position, suggesting injury. The4 O& M" H ?- f
¡¡¡¡(20) bird appears to be attempting escape along an irregular route that indicates panic. In the7 M3 n4 _+ c7 S( k6 x" R! D
¡¡¡¡most extreme version of the display, the bird flaps one wing in an apparent attempt to
% } O& a! F8 L0 }& q1 e* o" c¡¡¡¡take to the air, flops over helplessly, struggles back to its feet, runs away a short distance,1 p. g% y- G9 j2 j0 d! f
¡¡¡¡seemingly attempts once more to take off, flops over again as the "useless" wing fails to
" e* Q+ m) n) x, p' m! K¡¡¡¡provide any lift, and so on. Few predators fail to pursue such obviously vulnerable prey.* y v2 e% m v' \; n- a& {4 F
¡¡¡¡Needless to say, each short run between "flight attempts" is directed away from the nest.
, n' J% d% _. X! _. h. }+ k¡¡¡¡10. What does the passage mainly discuss?
. t2 N8 F; {9 ^6 p8 ]¡¡¡¡(A) The nest-building techniques of
4 h/ J; _. r* H" _' R; v" p# T¡¡¡¡plovers
( J5 J d' _2 o. r( I( O¡¡¡¡(B) How predators search for plovers
; h1 G% c- w, w) A" {5 P8 C¡¡¡¡(C) The strategies used by plovers to
5 \+ G J+ O& z& `0 X7 S5 T- q¡¡¡¡deceive predators @0 c T1 t8 g
¡¡¡¡(D) Why plovers are vulnerable to9 d" _! c# g) m" S# {; h! L
¡¡¡¡predators
% C* l% U* t0 O; e( F¡¡¡¡11. The word "merely" in fine 3 is closest in
' h" r8 V4 u2 r" b! K¡¡¡¡meaning to
6 ~ \3 l" H# l. G8 e- t¡¡¡¡(A) often! l# f) y+ K1 n e
¡¡¡¡(B) only" B# u+ a7 w5 K
¡¡¡¡(C) usually, [ g" a2 D4 e+ P% s, L; z
¡¡¡¡(D) at first# j/ w- h& G4 b" h
¡¡¡¡12. Which of the following is mentioned in
" V' x7 `3 |4 ]. P¡¡¡¡the passage about plovers?
1 V/ ~+ _" K/ d ^¡¡¡¡(A) Their eggs and chicks are difficult to
9 I' p- i: T; h A¡¡¡¡find.- ~0 h/ w* n$ y0 n9 D T
¡¡¡¡(B) They are generally defenseless when
* [+ G O8 s& E% F% i¡¡¡¡away From their nests.) n9 s1 _; `2 P
¡¡¡¡(C) They are slow to react in dangerous; F# w+ u4 A1 K3 l( r9 I
¡¡¡¡situations.& E: p) b9 D$ q# c
¡¡¡¡(D) Their nests are on the surface of the) m4 m8 G% f% }- }* s, u5 ~1 f
¡¡¡¡ground.; ~/ i- k) a! J; X5 H
¡¡¡¡13. The word "emitting" in line 9 is closest5 a z4 } K" Z
¡¡¡¡in meaning to
0 r- {0 [; |2 i9 J0 w5 A¡¡¡¡(A) bringing
) `8 x3 r' x! P4 b1 Y¡¡¡¡(B) attracting
8 N: a2 h9 @5 `3 B¡¡¡¡(C) producing
+ {# u* \ Y4 J2 h* A# v¡¡¡¡(D) minimizing
1 p4 b/ W [! d5 T# F; {¡¡¡¡14. In the deception technique described5 k& D' {9 l2 J5 {
¡¡¡¡in paragraph 2. the plover tries to
1 X1 }* K# M" v¡¡¡¡(A) stay close to her nest; k7 B# X' h' m1 f- t
¡¡¡¡(B) attract the predator's attention1 X+ d7 ^, }8 P! g* r# P
¡¡¡¡(C) warn other plovers of danger
: P/ C& G: C5 l0 \/ Z2 f¡¡¡¡(D) frighten the approaching predator8 i3 i# C/ @3 G" V" [' }2 @
¡¡¡¡15. The word "spanning" in line 18 is closest
( Y( Q. d' y, c, M8 ^¡¡¡¡in meaning to" ?4 C- {' w; V' g: }5 r5 z+ Q; O2 _
¡¡¡¡(A) covering
/ }) r# |* P! ?¡¡¡¡(B) selecting
: E3 H; m& U! F6 p+ s¡¡¡¡(C) developing( a3 n' W* y4 S9 ^( ~' g) ]
¡¡¡¡(D) explaining
7 }9 h B% k+ i# P¡¡¡¡16. According to paragraph 4, which of the9 B9 |1 H6 ~; A2 z) r& A# n
¡¡¡¡following aspects of the plover's% x/ D: `, P* J+ O* S0 g \5 b
¡¡¡¡behavior gives the appearance that it is8 M; Y: ~2 |( H1 S) \
¡¡¡¡frightened?
1 }4 h4 A% h( U¡¡¡¡(A) Abnormal body position( g R; Y' ~* ^+ j0 r% d0 p
¡¡¡¡(B) Irregular escape route
2 S8 a4 J' o% n t# W¡¡¡¡(C) Unnatural wing movement
( X* v4 X1 r5 c, X¡¡¡¡(D) Unusual amount of time away from
! d2 T: V( W9 ^' o# C( D/ M¡¡¡¡the nest/ a C! L' ^9 {; @- g
¡¡¡¡17. The word "pursue" in line 24 is closest in! d2 a5 W( }4 w' {" H+ B
¡¡¡¡meaning to) Q2 T9 [/ \% i
¡¡¡¡(A) catch
, r% ^8 b$ `' w7 G¡¡¡¡(B) notice8 g* W0 m" S8 q
¡¡¡¡(C) defend# j1 Y- M3 b4 g; b, C/ i7 V
¡¡¡¡(D) chase
1 Y7 ]; H% L0 d! W¡¡¡¡18. According to the passage, a female
3 f# X* o% g- w0 ], t4 q¡¡¡¡plover utilizes all of the following6 C8 A; [ Q% s/ V
¡¡¡¡deception techniques EXCEPT7 d8 v0 |# Q: [% X5 ?: H
¡¡¡¡(A) appearing to be injured0 Z- A) ?" E- x* _
¡¡¡¡(B) sounding like another animal
4 r2 Z7 [& z ~ D7 L¡¡¡¡(C) pretending to search for prey% g! W5 O5 I! L! p$ `" V( `/ w
¡¡¡¡(D) pretending to sit on her eggs+ |* n3 G& d3 l3 h
¡¡¡¡19. Which of the following best describes
4 z$ F; r2 \6 M. U: m: [¡¡¡¡the organization of the passage?
4 X" e! A6 f. a" C$ ^; z8 W0 H3 k¡¡¡¡(A) A description of the sequence of
@6 o8 Z( ^, n3 G: K¡¡¡¡steps involved in plovers nest/ P- f' J/ S' y3 h# k" \
¡¡¡¡building5 h V. i& q0 P* F0 r: O3 N# U
¡¡¡¡(B) A generalization about plover# R" M$ A! }; D. G+ G9 R
¡¡¡¡behavior followed by specific* o% O" q0 {5 J9 ^+ [
¡¡¡¡examples0 c* _7 f8 M7 U6 f3 c
¡¡¡¡(C) A comparison and contrast of the
7 b( K7 B `8 `7 z% o¡¡¡¡nesting behavior of plovers and
0 I. m @- t. x, q2 A% [ S7 ~¡¡¡¡other ground nesting birds- W! O9 `6 u0 G) s c
¡¡¡¡(D) A cause-and-efleet analysis of the/ b; p- ?) @. Q6 {* W6 w7 H
¡¡¡¡relationship between a prey and a
; U0 \6 o& R4 L8 ` s8 A¡¡¡¡predator
5 B. \7 A$ ^: R0 ]6 K5 B¡¡¡¡Questions 20-28
! A: T- ~* N; e% e% K T% B* E( c¡¡¡¡The interrelationship of science, technology, and industry is taken for granted+ u: P/ h, M( _: N) X8 u5 |
¡¡¡¡today¡ªsummed up, not altogether accurately, as "research and development." Yet8 }* Y8 w9 g7 H; g% ^7 X
¡¡¡¡historically this widespread faith in the economic virtues of science is a relatively recent/ a# D4 r9 C6 x" w* `" |, m
¡¡¡¡Line phenomenon, dating back in the United States about 150 years, and in the Western world
( x' E) @* ?; z2 p0 {/ g¡¡¡¡(5) as a whole not over 300 years at most. Even in this current era of large scale, intensive
1 O0 |- X2 y3 w6 B- R¡¡¡¡research and development, the interrelationships involved in this process are frequently6 A- M2 D8 Z% M; L1 t3 L* T; _
¡¡¡¡misunderstood. Until the coming of the Industrial Revolution, science and technology4 Q! F+ e4 Y9 w7 Q( v% r! E; c+ _
¡¡¡¡evolved for the most part independently of each other. Then as industrialization became0 `% G5 ^+ i5 I; @' G3 m: }
¡¡¡¡increasingly complicated, the craft techniques of preindustrial society gradually gave way! Z2 m. ]6 ~! x: o; \% P6 x
¡¡¡¡(10) to a technology based on the systematic application of scientific knowledge and scientific) X' }- H( X! ^& l" H. `/ A( @
¡¡¡¡methods. This changeover started slowly and progressed unevenly. Until late in the2 a5 m3 `1 e8 C. g' D5 @1 b2 Y% O
¡¡¡¡nineteenth century, only a few industries could use scientific techniques or cared about1 t) Q4 P" B; _9 [
¡¡¡¡using them. The list expanded noticeably after 1870, but even then much of what passed) Z2 I" v0 s. {
¡¡¡¡for the application of science was "engineering science" rather than basic science.
8 v: z+ _' P! H" p* u! p4 B¡¡¡¡(15) Nevertheless, by the middle of the nineteenth century, the rapid expansion of scientific
' P9 z! V( I0 J, c5 |¡¡¡¡knowledge and of public awareness-if not understanding-of it had created a belief that the, `: H/ [, ]1 _# N; ]- [! r p
¡¡¡¡advance of science would in some unspecified manner automatically generate economic& u z% V3 x k$ N; g! n
¡¡¡¡benefits. The widespread and usually uncritical acceptance of this thesis led in turn to the! N# o. e! v4 G; t: O: F4 L
¡¡¡¡assumption that the application of science to industrial purposes was a linear process, starting3 ?9 p4 S5 H) Q; F
¡¡¡¡(20) with fundamental science, then proceeding to applied science or technology, and through
& E' D- I: X) r¡¡¡¡them to industrial use. This is probably the most common pattern, but it is not invariable. New$ \+ a8 }6 {. c+ ^( \7 r
¡¡¡¡areas of science have been opened up and fundamental discoveries made as a result of
% s. @3 N! A: g u6 b! Z6 i) e¡¡¡¡attempts to solve a specific technical or economic problem. Conversely, scientists who mainly
; D1 p1 R9 k$ ?: K) D& ?% Y/ v¡¡¡¡do basic research also serve as consultants on projects that apply research in practical ways.
* n. V6 t) ~* s+ u( h¡¡¡¡(25) In sum, the science-technology-industry relationship may flow in several different ways, and
; W, ~* M; ~4 C+ k0 K' ?# _¡¡¡¡the particular channel it will follow depends on the individual situation. It may at times even
: i+ x* e3 {( |¡¡¡¡be multidirectional.
4 l9 w# i, f4 C2 ]$ C( i¡¡¡¡20. What is the author's main purpose in the
# E d4 J3 h: G: w¡¡¡¡passage?4 S: t$ e4 d8 O3 x B
¡¡¡¡(A) To show how technology influenced
" z2 T/ M; Q8 A" P, e, j- u; |! k¡¡¡¡basic science2 B: N3 b$ e' I# Q6 q
¡¡¡¡(B) To describe the scientific base of- C; h2 v" H0 A- J
¡¡¡¡nineteenth-century American
- N- V4 {$ n/ H6 H¡¡¡¡industries
1 j5 `8 J) B- _$ g" q% ^0 p¡¡¡¡(C) To correct misunderstandings about
1 m2 q) z# h' Y) n+ z, a¡¡¡¡the connections between science,
6 D, o# Z" p U( B¡¡¡¡technology, and industry. t$ r1 G' d) N9 E
¡¡¡¡(D) To argue that basic science has no
6 _* w2 T7 l: z' }, j q4 i¡¡¡¡practical application% d( \ ^) Q3 D$ B3 Z; R
¡¡¡¡21. The word "altogether" in line 2 is closest8 U1 L, a6 b A; D- @2 ]9 c
¡¡¡¡in meaning to( h" ]" f, N) S
¡¡¡¡(A) completely
: Z: O* N) `9 J+ I; i¡¡¡¡(B) realistically$ w, o$ G! S4 i" q
¡¡¡¡(C) individually2 K! N; o0 {& G" J8 q3 _
¡¡¡¡(D) understandably
) D g- n5 N& y# i' C( ]¡¡¡¡22. The word "intensive" in line 5 is closest& e6 `0 H! D7 ^ i1 x
¡¡¡¡in meaning to4 V/ }8 f, d. Z0 O, n
¡¡¡¡(A) decreased
0 P; ^& P7 b& X) @¡¡¡¡(B) concentrated
7 U+ w6 h, f, f¡¡¡¡(C) creative
5 n" \5 V+ ?% q5 X/ D¡¡¡¡(D) advanced
4 I0 k3 T7 ^6 y& v1 Q' d- v T¡¡¡¡23. The "list" mentioned in line 13 refers to4 c; h7 f6 L2 f
¡¡¡¡(A) types of scientific knowledge7 D# J0 v! {: P( T% l4 G
¡¡¡¡(B) changes brought by technology1 m. ^4 q+ a5 c
¡¡¡¡(C) industries that used scientific
( h' V" T- }& t- t1 f* A: _$ N¡¡¡¡techniques/ D1 X. n0 X* c: r+ @
¡¡¡¡(D) applications of engineering science
7 T$ Q, S! Q9 w* x7 U" U$ F¡¡¡¡24. The understanding of research and
4 N$ k1 M* D$ `* v+ Q¡¡¡¡development in the late nineteenth
+ b( @8 w: y+ b; L* A: H¡¡¡¡century is based on which of the
" |+ x6 w3 _) Z7 m¡¡¡¡following?
* h; {4 u' y" a* i¡¡¡¡(A) Engineering science is not very
1 @% G0 K( \. S' g% k¡¡¡¡important.
8 C# U; o, E5 [3 E) r¡¡¡¡(B) Fundamental science naturally leads
5 T. }; D6 U: I" N0 D; a¡¡¡¡to economic benefits.
% _. ~. ]8 _. R0 w A8 _¡¡¡¡(C) The relationship between research
) R3 W4 _/ @! k }* W: @¡¡¡¡and development should be
6 K" t A8 R6 ^8 d: h¡¡¡¡criticized.
2 N# G5 x+ h+ Z3 r¡¡¡¡(D) Industrial needs should determine0 V1 Y+ ]' p" S0 u$ E h
¡¡¡¡what areas fundamental science9 V+ C9 t: [! [% G1 I. Y m
¡¡¡¡focuses on. K j/ X1 w, ~
¡¡¡¡25. The word "it" in line 16 refers to
9 W m9 I& L" p' a; J$ x% g¡¡¡¡(A) understanding
9 H5 w: x5 }; z8 R¡¡¡¡(B) public awareness
. t M( b+ I" K9 C$ R4 s¡¡¡¡(C) scientific knowledge- u+ i+ u' S' H
¡¡¡¡(D) expansion
3 d7 z. S; ~6 Q" \7 M/ s) s6 Y0 c¡¡¡¡26. The word "assumption" in line 19 is
* L! |2 c9 c4 A# p+ _¡¡¡¡closest in meaning to
* E7 p5 A! S$ F% k' P: G¡¡¡¡(A) regulation @* k4 C: a4 Z6 |& B
¡¡¡¡(B) belief/ A2 ]9 Z: A" C3 d
¡¡¡¡(C) contract
+ a% m& M! _( s- H¡¡¡¡(D) confusion" B( P) k- I. t2 X) d; \" H/ O
¡¡¡¡27. Why does the author mention' C! j3 ?: ^# [
¡¡¡¡"consultants" in line 24 ?6 b4 \7 ~9 q7 Q: L
¡¡¡¡(A) To show how new areas of science/ C% _8 Z( q- d6 V1 H
¡¡¡¡have given rise to new professions; w* {/ S- R/ S# {8 r
¡¡¡¡(B) To distinguish between scientists* P* e1 [- @' `# [$ e! w: O
¡¡¡¡who work in industry and those who8 U* K+ `% Z0 N- ]4 I
¡¡¡¡do not( k5 v. j3 S3 w) I* l
¡¡¡¡(C) To explain the ways in which6 h, a+ {/ o6 e6 W/ d% h+ n O
¡¡¡¡scientists find financial support for9 r/ |- E/ P8 X$ d4 A& h: w
¡¡¡¡their work
( j& T! y' K7 y! `- u¡¡¡¡(D) To show how scientists who work in6 F& \- \( k; J9 L5 p5 R: U; D
¡¡¡¡basic research contribute to applied
( e) |- \4 Y8 \+ Z( I¡¡¡¡science
: u: d0 W+ ~; \¡¡¡¡28. Which of the following statements does6 D9 _& ]' U! L
¡¡¡¡the passage support?
+ Y1 Y% l% Z3 M, C( K! [* v¡¡¡¡(A) The development of science and of
5 G) M+ O& N2 S6 N8 L# T) u¡¡¡¡industry is now interdependent.
& l" F* O, H+ D¡¡¡¡(B) Basic scientific research cannot' j; |/ @ y/ Z
¡¡¡¡generate practical applications.. ^5 \& b5 y" z8 Z$ o$ b! Z
¡¡¡¡(C) Industries should spend less money
$ K8 y4 ^. U+ E% Q' o2 f¡¡¡¡on research and development.- i5 L/ R v# M
¡¡¡¡(D) Science and technology are7 D, d: \! D, u0 ?9 _1 d
¡¡¡¡becoming more separate.9 c! d8 @3 A9 C) W: ^
¡¡¡¡Questions 29-39
8 S+ q, f: e" Q/ n5 {8 [% {¡¡¡¡The economic depression in the late-nineteenth-century United States contributed
]$ D) R# p; ?1 J¡¡¡¡significantly to a growing movement in literature toward realism and naturalism. After the0 s6 l% a! |+ K" q! [5 d5 h0 P
¡¡¡¡1870' s, a number of important authors began to reject the romanticism that had prevailed
4 u/ ?: k% Z# j1 t( z1 G¡¡¡¡Line immediately following the Civil War of 1861-1865 and turned instead to realism.
1 Y1 g, u) o2 J# v2 O0 F¡¡¡¡(5) Determined to portray life as it was, with fidelity to real life and accurate representation
! u# z1 H+ G S) [( V# a. b¡¡¡¡without idealization, they studied local dialects, wrote stories which focused on life in" O8 H }! h2 o
¡¡¡¡specific regions of the country, and emphasized the "true" relationships between people. In
0 j% ?0 s9 Z: d0 O: m4 b9 [¡¡¡¡doing so, they reflected broader trends in the society, such as industrialization,
* Q) h; j( k7 I; x* `1 Y0 S¡¡¡¡evolutionary theory which emphasized the effect of the environment on humans, and the$ @- N1 m# |% X: B: T& Y; l
¡¡¡¡(10) influence of science.
- p" g& p7 @# d6 A: l* j: i¡¡¡¡Realists such as Joel Chandler Harris and Ellen Glasgow depicted life in the South; b4 J& D I5 \
¡¡¡¡Hamlin Garland described life on the Great Plains; and Sarah One Jewett wrote about
# L& l H m' I' C2 s( a$ k¡¡¡¡everyday life in rural New England. Another realist, Bret Harte, achieved fame with stories
* E7 J. \! H+ `! g8 G d& |¡¡¡¡that portrayed local life in the California mining camps.$ n i. y k" S7 m0 `$ v. h
¡¡¡¡(15) Samuel Clemens, who adopted the pen name Mark Twain, became the country's most
' V s, T: q0 y* L- T8 q. ~¡¡¡¡outstanding realist author, observing life around him with a humorous and skeptical eye. In
% `5 N7 w4 U, I/ m1 q- n¡¡¡¡his stories and novels, Twain drew on his own experiences and used dialect and common4 s+ J* n% F( J( P0 t- |0 w! k9 ?
¡¡¡¡speech instead of literary language, touching off a major change in American prose style.
" g6 C# N% j) v, o. k¡¡¡¡Other writers became impatient even with realism. Pushing evolutionary theory to its
; H8 _/ l" A8 d' y9 C$ @- G8 N¡¡¡¡(20) limits, they wrote of a world in which a cruel and merciless environment determined
" m/ b/ W( A4 `4 P1 R¡¡¡¡human fate. These writers, called naturalists, often focused on economic hardship,
% U9 v$ G) l* V! i2 Z¡¡¡¡studying people struggling with poverty, and other aspects of urban and industrial life.
5 C' X7 Q5 U; i! J; A$ [" c¡¡¡¡Naturalists brought to their writing a passion for direct and honest experience.
% s/ ` \/ d$ o& J; W3 Z( J* T¡¡¡¡Theodore Dreiser, the foremost naturalist writer, in novels such as Sister Carrie, grimly& w q8 K- u& D' K; V
¡¡¡¡(25) portrayed a dark world in which human beings were tossed about by forces beyond their
3 g+ W$ M5 Z) m" X: H¡¡¡¡understanding or control. Dreiser thought that writers should tell the truth about human
" ?* W* b% _, @" y0 u2 L9 s7 x¡¡¡¡affairs, not fabricate romance, and Sister Carrie, he said, was "not intended as a piece of# d! f0 y9 ]. ~8 E9 q; Y( u1 }+ D0 X
¡¡¡¡literary craftsmanship, but was a picture of conditions.". [# c( G! F+ Y. q2 ?
¡¡¡¡29. Which aspect of late-nineteenth-century- q/ }: u) N* O+ o/ D* P6 t) o* b
¡¡¡¡United States literature does the passage
. \' B( i5 |, j0 D0 r2 m! h¡¡¡¡mainly discuss?$ G6 A- B7 d8 g
¡¡¡¡(A) The influence of science on4 j% z/ y$ s# `3 F% p, ? ^
¡¡¡¡literature
9 @1 @. Y/ T: J( D3 [5 G¡¡¡¡(B) The importance of dialects for realist* j& c) f" \, k8 y% p, k3 K; u
¡¡¡¡writers
5 z' ~5 }4 q; D$ S p( G: g4 E¡¡¡¡(C) The emergence of realism and
4 F# X* z8 H: v0 W. s. d¡¡¡¡naturalism
! o" g# H* f2 L- ]/ I¡¡¡¡(D) The effects of industrialization on! h$ u* y0 u+ C! m
¡¡¡¡romanticism
; Z' M* b2 E: t6 E5 L/ B$ E¡¡¡¡30. The word "prevailed" in line 3 is closest
8 |1 l- L) e+ U9 [¡¡¡¡in meaning to) V v% A# n' X8 |5 U# I, o
¡¡¡¡(A) dominated: N3 J( K, |. n4 U
¡¡¡¡(B) transformed
0 |& ]( f4 ~7 [& j¡¡¡¡(C) entered( n5 b& M, g' F6 I* e9 ^
¡¡¡¡(D) generalized( B$ W; u( x9 o6 [7 {
¡¡¡¡31. The word "they" in line 8 refers to2 r. g. C$ F7 r& W; u" N
¡¡¡¡(A) authors
& ` Z( b) t7 d! W/ _& o¡¡¡¡(B) dialects
# I* h j% l4 p6 Z¡¡¡¡(C) stories
, i) [9 M8 ] ~. [¡¡¡¡(D) relationships8 d$ P0 P1 q- Q4 g/ a) z1 h0 q
¡¡¡¡32. According to the passage, a highly
1 x* k0 [( b5 Y0 T" e' ]/ @¡¡¡¡significant factor in the development of4 N; e: a+ t3 U( [8 h, o
¡¡¡¡realist and naturalist literature was9 O+ C, u N/ `
¡¡¡¡(A) the Civil War
) Q+ H1 R3 x Y7 Y- {¡¡¡¡(B) a recognition that romanticism was+ O7 e. y7 D/ ]6 }+ U/ N9 a
¡¡¡¡unpopular
, r/ ^* `" [& Y# U2 k1 r2 e# V+ U# H¡¡¡¡(C) an increased interest in the study of5 c6 I) n. ]7 X. k3 k% Z/ \
¡¡¡¡common speech
3 a" x, S4 `- Q* o$ U¡¡¡¡(D) an economic depression" @: n- e: F, R, q6 D
¡¡¡¡33. Realist writers took an interest in all of
0 y$ I' f3 H7 `7 a5 l) b: S¡¡¡¡the following EXCEPT* h& Z3 E% |" X7 \4 S: S* i, G
¡¡¡¡(A) human relationships% S6 k1 p# D7 |, M/ o9 J
¡¡¡¡(B) characteristics of different regions4 X `, U" V+ _
¡¡¡¡(C) the idealization of life
2 A* U1 F* _) b* f, R) \' b7 U¡¡¡¡(D) social and historical theories& _. q) f2 F+ F% @
¡¡¡¡34. The word "depicted" in line 11 is closest
) {2 [2 N/ y7 X l6 t- {¡¡¡¡in meaning to3 Y. i2 {7 e+ u) v
¡¡¡¡(A) emphasized' k% u7 e/ O8 ^3 J, B
¡¡¡¡(B) described5 d. R* Z) D# F% C
¡¡¡¡(C) criticized2 A0 g* E S [ s* n( q
¡¡¡¡(D) classified
; Y' _; D5 K+ H$ t; s$ K$ J- H¡¡¡¡35. Why does the author mention mining
! o8 V$ J2 K. L9 x7 `. ^¡¡¡¡camps in line 14 ?
2 M9 i" X5 E) }& N5 n¡¡¡¡(A) To contrast the themes of realist and0 L8 C0 n' v+ V c, i2 ?% }
¡¡¡¡naturalist writers
% c3 T# D0 A( f7 h, }: H¡¡¡¡(B) To illustrate how Bret Harte differed. H1 k* f6 n, I+ z: x
¡¡¡¡from other authors# {! \, j5 G E/ K
¡¡¡¡(C) As an example of a topic taken up. `4 R, M" ]* ~' U' D# L$ c
¡¡¡¡by realist writers
M& c3 G. j7 H8 S4 c$ g¡¡¡¡(D) As an example of how setting can6 _) `8 W1 p* \, q, M6 {" R/ `
¡¡¡¡influence literary style K j( @7 _$ b0 T
¡¡¡¡36. Which of the following wrote about life; B* B7 w: `) @5 B4 O
¡¡¡¡in rural New England?- P& H! c8 j$ J7 m5 j8 E# x' B9 s
¡¡¡¡(A) Ellen Glasgow
/ F2 j" @6 u6 v9 @¡¡¡¡(B) Sarah Orne Jewett
g) u3 E( \ V, }5 B¡¡¡¡(C) Hamlin Garland/ J. b% p9 h; |/ H7 O# {6 w3 x
¡¡¡¡(D) Mark Twain
$ N/ @4 F4 e9 Q' f¡¡¡¡37. Mark Twain is considered an important
+ N9 P; ]8 e6 C4 p¡¡¡¡literary figure because he
& _& w- P s/ U& ~¡¡¡¡(A) was the first realist writer in the% [+ Y5 }: w+ F! p
¡¡¡¡United States
: H9 ?4 h1 }: b) b& ~) A0 D& G¡¡¡¡(B) rejected romanticism as a literary
+ }" z, O( v& A! \4 P/ P& _* t. V¡¡¡¡approach0 q1 c8 m. f: \1 k0 Y! w
¡¡¡¡(C) wrote humorous stories and novels( D a& ~% }+ h) q# v
¡¡¡¡(D) influenced American prose style
* ?5 u" K, W4 e- O* S( n¡¡¡¡through his use of common speech* w0 h. Q3 C7 _( {2 K& |# t" g' t
¡¡¡¡38. The word "foremost" in line 24 is closest
( F7 ?( q- ], V7 P9 c. }4 e¡¡¡¡in meaning to
# H' |$ b, R# E5 W3 f¡¡¡¡(A) most difficult, T% @* s, q, m- j, d7 z
¡¡¡¡(B) interesting- S" w1 x# V+ Z' U+ D& D. U
¡¡¡¡(C) most focused
* K* ` E' @/ A$ C" O¡¡¡¡(D) leading
4 F/ q! Y, ^. v8 ]$ R¡¡¡¡39. Which of the following statements: Z D+ ^! }4 r9 b p8 n6 `
¡¡¡¡about Theodore Dreiser is supported by# }7 `1 }* B2 c9 u" J! i
¡¡¡¡the passage?
+ m% f3 a7 d: c( ^¡¡¡¡(A) He mainly wrote about historical
2 i3 d) D- W1 b% W% n¡¡¡¡subjects such as the Civil War.
$ ^- a1 F4 u' c4 R¡¡¡¡(B) His novels often contained elements
8 b5 j* r% K9 q¡¡¡¡of humor.
- D# X* |- Z+ m% q¡¡¡¡(C) He viewed himself more as a social# f6 n5 _! ?7 F% i- _: _
¡¡¡¡commentator than as a literary artist.
$ B" Y! q* y. L! Z2 u¡¡¡¡(D) He believed writers should
4 A: v: B" K$ r6 a7 Y2 W. K1 s¡¡¡¡emphasize the positive aspects of
4 N& i- S- {* L¡¡¡¡life.: d Z/ j/ m9 f+ Z, b
¡¡¡¡Questions 40-50
" m) e: n1 c4 r¡¡¡¡In 1900 the United States had only three cities with more than a million residents-
. ^/ k1 v# t0 N" N¡¡¡¡New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia. By 1930, it had ten giant metropolises. The newer
! R5 l" q( |& L( R: c4 ^/ {! e¡¡¡¡ones experienced remarkable growth, which reflected basic changes in the economy.
9 W$ N3 A/ s6 Q( j3 B o¡¡¡¡Line The population of Los Angeles (114,000 in 1900) rose spectacularly in the early
% |1 @) a1 @) V) S$ p3 R% c7 G¡¡¡¡(5) decades of the twentieth century, increasing a dramatic 1,400 percent from 1900 to 1930.2 f: W. k b) A4 \" R7 c; N
¡¡¡¡A number of circumstances contributed to the meteoric rise of Los Angeles. The# u T1 E8 \/ |1 x) \& ]
¡¡¡¡agricultural potential of the area was enormous if water for irrigation could be found, and
% N) T7 o2 I) l¡¡¡¡the city founders had the vision and dating to obtain it by constructing a 225-mile4 D) h$ I- V% h
¡¡¡¡aqueduct, completed in 1913, to tap the water of the Owens River. The city had a superb: q, p& @: X7 A0 Y/ _; S
¡¡¡¡(10) natural harbor, as well as excellent rail connections. The climate made it possible to shoot
. i- ^8 T+ d; X. h¡¡¡¡motion pictures year-round; hence Hollywood. Hollywood not only supplied jobs; it
. M0 g* W7 J; y4 X9 |: e2 V d¡¡¡¡disseminated an image of the good life in Southern California on screens all across the
7 K6 U( a+ b( }7 W: K7 D¡¡¡¡nation. The most important single industry powering the growth of Los Angeles, however,
! E2 Y/ K+ X2 U# N' F* o¡¡¡¡was directly linked to the automobile. The demand for petroleum to fuel gasoline engines! a8 r! l6 a6 ^
¡¡¡¡(15) led to the opening of the Southern California oil fields, and made Los Angeles North
% t! q, D" }& r7 Z9 d5 @¡¡¡¡America's greatest refining center.9 q0 h0 `( T! n0 Z$ L( T9 D
¡¡¡¡Los Angeles was a product of the auto age in another sense as well: its distinctive% } o) C* Y+ z- `' [( p* b
¡¡¡¡spatial organization depended on widespread private ownership of automobiles. Los
) Q7 w% n3 e' N, T# q% ^, b¡¡¡¡Angeles was a decentralized metropolis, sprawling across the desert landscape over an0 P2 P) N1 z9 e; u& \
¡¡¡¡(20) area of 400 square miles. It was a city without a real center. The downtown business
+ Q0 X2 E1 r$ e6 F6 ~, X¡¡¡¡district did not grow apace with the city as a whole, and the rapid transit system designed
3 c4 I) }4 t1 P# P, A( E¡¡¡¡to link the center with outlying areas withered away from disuse. Approximately 800,000) F: K' i) O @: N' n% G' e
¡¡¡¡cars were registered in Los Angeles County in 1930, one per 2.7 residents. Some visitors4 I% t0 b: z2 K
¡¡¡¡from the east coast were dismayed at the endless urban sprawl and dismissed Los
# G% @4 y9 ^$ W& X: R¡¡¡¡(25) Angeles as a mere collection of suburbs in search of a city. But the freedom and mobility
; D& Q3 N( t3 r¡¡¡¡of a city built on wheels attracted floods of migrants to the city., ?; T" [& |4 n" N
¡¡¡¡40. What is the passage mainly about?
1 u, L# l' G8 V2 N% F% `4 r¡¡¡¡(A) The growth of cities in the United* o; H7 d0 ~7 Y+ J* T$ G* q. o* c0 M
¡¡¡¡States in the early 1900's
" B7 Y2 V) h4 c& M8 V¡¡¡¡(B) The development of the Southern
0 L% g2 P) e: o" P/ }¡¡¡¡California oil fields
: }9 X5 B9 ~/ R, Z9 {( F) ?¡¡¡¡(C) Factors contributing to the growth of
1 _9 {6 e& x& }5 M) Y! S2 Z! M4 u3 v¡¡¡¡Los Angeles! _# M V& ~) z( |# d
¡¡¡¡(D) Industry and city planning in Los
4 y$ [( h( e7 z¡¡¡¡Angeles$ c7 P. u9 {. \% t! I; \5 o% B
¡¡¡¡41. The author characterizes the growth of; }4 i; a& c( x3 @" |* v
¡¡¡¡new large cities in the United States after; D& Z* ?: f/ A. u* y4 w
¡¡¡¡1900 as resulting primarily from0 g/ B: |- U4 s; Q
¡¡¡¡(A) new economic conditions
. K7 p6 e# G, I+ o3 f¡¡¡¡(B) images of cities shown in movies
! ? L7 B5 t5 t- L! y¡¡¡¡(C) new agricultural techniques
0 c9 {0 A$ m* [; s7 f2 w¡¡¡¡(D) a large migrant population6 Z9 Q! f6 B0 W- G; g m
¡¡¡¡42. The word "meteoric" in line 6 is closest
: D! @; ? N* h¡¡¡¡in meaning to
! K1 @( j* }) B6 w# r9 Q9 U6 o¡¡¡¡(A) rapid
( [* T3 c; a- b, T¡¡¡¡(B) famous0 S- o1 \5 P- e, p3 [' W! `/ v
¡¡¡¡(C) controversial* ^# E& X) M# K6 [# x
¡¡¡¡(D) methodical
3 `& G. h' X, ^+ t4 Z1 L4 `. m6 A¡¡¡¡43. The word "it" in line 8 refers to6 R+ `$ L1 m4 ?
¡¡¡¡(A) aqueduct
6 b K$ I8 J9 S5 I; Y% L/ M¡¡¡¡(B) vision
" x6 `/ w% G: f3 j$ e% `¡¡¡¡(C) water
7 U5 T4 C$ _7 u# [, F) Y1 H8 B¡¡¡¡(D) agricultural potential& P$ ?# y* _, z8 ?/ w
¡¡¡¡44. According to the passage, the most
: z2 }. ~8 `; E+ d¡¡¡¡important factor in the development of
: o _( T, P/ x/ h+ ~" q: R! r¡¡¡¡agriculture around Los Angeles was the. D0 P* [+ o8 @" c* Q' D) e
¡¡¡¡(A) influx of "new residents to' U" S/ @4 ^8 _
¡¡¡¡agricultural areas near the city0 m% h0 D/ ^2 i. \
¡¡¡¡(B) construction of an aqueduct
9 d. M9 x, _/ O6 x6 S' D' N¡¡¡¡(C) expansion of transportation facilities6 o; U$ P, D \# S4 N" C
¡¡¡¡(D) development of new connections to% E2 o u4 i8 m
¡¡¡¡the city's natural harbor0 I1 Y! f L5 c. L, k" @; r
¡¡¡¡45. According to the passage, the initial+ j4 H! [* i H+ O
¡¡¡¡success of Hollywood' s motion picture u, J; N l% q3 a5 t. z, k) r3 g
¡¡¡¡industry was due largely to the5 t2 v: p. q9 d. H" y% O1 {
¡¡¡¡(A) availability of many skilled workers
2 B2 A: I8 S2 X¡¡¡¡(B) beauty of the countryside: h9 a7 M" A i. m- ~) k
¡¡¡¡(C) region's reputation for luxurious. \; J/ F# \* N- \- R( x
¡¡¡¡lifestyles
" Z. A+ l$ K; c. k# N. o. f* [" o¡¡¡¡(D) region's climate and good weather
1 v- R& O! G6 i/ O. C¡¡¡¡46. It can be inferred from the passage that in3 m* {0 j) {3 r
¡¡¡¡1930 the greatest number of people in* N+ T) ]- M) j( J5 u! ?/ ?
¡¡¡¡the Los Angeles area were employed in
8 g& G" p- m9 r h8 y% w% V¡¡¡¡(A) farming
6 L' `6 K; Q) _$ C% Y" C4 p& A¡¡¡¡(B) oil refining( G1 K/ X1 z) I0 z
¡¡¡¡(C) automobile manufacturing$ n* P& n4 `' c, U1 ~* Q1 N' B) N
¡¡¡¡(D) the motion picture industry; g) {, p; P0 B2 Z# [- o3 u( U; D
¡¡¡¡47. According to the passage, the Southern
' E& Q8 l- R/ r: ]2 A¡¡¡¡California oil fields were initially
& N' d( A( k9 f: {¡¡¡¡exploited due to
) d' c0 n8 Q& [: H5 D6 W& c¡¡¡¡(A) the fuel requirements of Los+ b( N8 w! w1 t. m' r" |+ J
¡¡¡¡Angeles' rail system, a: t+ W& r# _9 S& M
¡¡¡¡(B) an increase in the use of gasoline- N9 a3 ~ i7 q0 V9 A0 \+ m, ]
¡¡¡¡engines in North America: {5 q7 `- b# t# ~+ g
¡¡¡¡(C) a desire to put unproductive desert& I- F; h9 r. y8 k4 t
¡¡¡¡land to good use9 _. H2 \* T# `. ` D: l
¡¡¡¡(D) innovative planning on the part of
7 q% o2 {# D. u/ n/ Q9 p% ~¡¡¡¡the city founders
2 K5 V& {) p' l. H7 b& _¡¡¡¡48. The phrase "apace with" in line 21 is- t3 E( m5 U4 e" i
¡¡¡¡closest in meaning to
: {2 i+ V L# p¡¡¡¡(A) anew with; I9 Q1 a1 Y5 W" `2 x# |: T
¡¡¡¡(B) apart from
# C( v$ O9 Z4 s¡¡¡¡(C) as fast as b7 v3 I" \" |' u; i- l3 \
¡¡¡¡(D) at the middle of9 m" Y. K' u8 v2 d
¡¡¡¡49. It can be inferred from the passage that
: \: J& ?% N& J¡¡¡¡the spatial organization of Los Angeles6 X n( a) _2 n+ H- f* ?; I5 P
¡¡¡¡contributed to the relative decline there2 L6 a4 a; J. Q5 j) m* z
¡¡¡¡of7 s* D) ^3 y3 H, I6 \: W; e
¡¡¡¡(A) public transportation
2 U9 c! {9 i) w0 V. t8 W/ p7 j¡¡¡¡(B) industrial areas
" n9 u9 ]3 x! U. F$ y; z9 G+ s¡¡¡¡(C) suburban neighborhoods$ M, q! p9 {# O) U& l
¡¡¡¡(D) oil fields
! v3 R. u R9 @ r( s¡¡¡¡50. The visitors from the east coast9 J8 m+ o5 ]& z$ b
¡¡¡¡mentioned in the passage thought that9 \, [ S' R9 u4 } |
¡¡¡¡Los Angeles
& V, w6 G; F% Q+ J. V x9 ?1 P" N$ X# y¡¡¡¡(A) was not accurately portrayed by
7 {% P& |+ V ^: [! @, v0 i8 l¡¡¡¡Hollywood images
. y; }) P( T* m3 ]0 p2 N¡¡¡¡(B) lacked good suburban areas in which% s6 u: I3 ?( n- c! }9 B2 y" O
¡¡¡¡to live
6 M' d$ M' S7 e¡¡¡¡(C) had an excessively large population
' |/ X( m% F' k0 A2 w9 y, b¡¡¡¡(D) was not really a single city |
|