分词是TOEEL必考内容，在历届试题中均占相当大的比例。分词的命题形式非常广泛。平均分布在written Expressions 和structure两部分。有时，即使分词不是题目焦点，但对分词的正确分析则可以帮助考生选择正确的答案。分词的命题要点集中在（1）分词的形容词特性、（2）分词短语作后置定语、（3） 现在分词和过去分词的主动与被动含义。
/ C! q; W& D9 `, V; z+ {( u 分词常考题型及解题要点：
( Z6 I$ V K" E5 P" _* d0 e 1. 分词具有形容词特征，可单独作定语或表语。7 T7 b. A' f: k: X, W9 M) p
全真例题分析2 h1 Q5 o# f7 K9 @% E& o& Z
(1) The highly respect zoologist Ernest Just Joined the ruling board of the Marine Biological Laboratory in the 1930*s (93.1). U y: l5 B! A* W% y' q
[答案] B 动词respect用来修饰后面的名词zoologist，故应改用分词respected形式，其作用相当于形容词作定语。5 A4 ?, r4 I/ N1 P) p2 ^
(2) A patent gives inventors exclusive rights to their inventions for a fix period of time. (90.1)
) v. _. K9 F0 }% c [答] C 修饰保词period应用动词的分词形式，即fixed。. A& t# a" ~) z! a! U* k+ W
(3) Characteristics of Op Art are the carefully arrange hues and geometric patterns that create optical illusions. (88.5)
& A+ D" T: m3 l# N: @ [答案] A 修饰名词hues，应用分词形式arranged。# r9 p3 M- U" q1 z+ K0 L5 y+ g
(4) The question of the origin of the Moon is interest not only in itself but also as a part of the larger genesis of the earth and the solar system . (88.5)
# R7 u+ \4 `5 x* L [答案] B interest应用其分词interesting形式作表语，作用相当于一个形空词。, `3 T9 j. K2 ]
2. 分词短语作定语，放置于中心名词后面
8 C5 X4 h2 T0 H2 Q3 L( j. d 解题要点 分词短语作后置定语在TOEEL考题中出现频率非常高。因而，考生务必熟记这一结构和用法。实际上，分词短语作后置定语。皆是定语从句的省略形式。) s! k' M: k6 q: J9 T6 y
全真例题分析
0 |) b/ Y W7 m5 ^ (1) The leaves and stems of the aifaifa plant are the only parts of the plant -------
$ o# Y5 l, ], F" n (A) the uses for livestock feed
- R# @( B9 P6 D: I (B) for using livestock feed3 A5 C# B. o4 F8 W) M5 {4 m
(C) used for livestock feed9 A9 ^2 N8 X2 Q& s
(D) they are used for livestock feed (93.1)
1 v, S8 P/ p8 t9 g { [答案] C过去分词used + 介语短语组成的分词短语修饰前面的名词成分the only parts of the plant，作后置定语。此结构亦扩展为定语从句(that are ) used for livestock feed
/ k7 [3 X- [) O (2) The slide rule used sliding scales with marks ------- numbers and their logarithms.
1 w. y3 C3 F. u$ e (A) representing) }; T* E" T7 h0 k$ K* k
(B) represented
' U5 d$ l( X) z# ]# u8 i (C) are represented" S& K% h. b! \* Z
(D) they are representing (92.10). N) W# `6 V8 T& c
[答案] A 分词短语作名词marks的后置定语，作用相当于一个定语从句：which represent numbers and their logarithms。 a6 ~9 o6 O+ v! H0 v I W. m9 @
(3) Earlg philosophers believe that the mind was divided into three faculties ------- s feeling ,intellect and will
: K7 m# c* P8 Z' K5 V (A) to know. \. K' ~5 L2 q/ C
(B) known
/ r1 }# q5 \4 i( l1 i5 C' o (C) knowing
% p1 e5 I1 y- A. F (D) knew them (94.1)* O7 p% l! i4 N. B: _. M
[答案] B分词短语known as…说明前面的名词three faculties。此结构可改写成定语从句。Which are known as…# l4 r' c, R/ k
(4) The bison know for the hump over its shoulders is usually called a buffalo in North America. (91.1)! i+ ~ R3 k& A6 s
[答案] A 此句主语是The bison ,谓语是系词is ,划线A部分应当为分词短语，修饰名词The bison .A应改为known for。
* o1 D7 |, p5 D; t (5) Louisa May Alcott is chiefly remembered for Little Women. One of the most popular girls books ever wrote (88.5)
9 g3 B/ d7 E6 N/ a) \( b2 p$ h [答案] D 修饰名词books应用分词生语ever written。
: G( a: |$ u6 i, E1 K 3. 分词短语作状语: x, \/ T8 T1 z! |! P+ {: m& A9 T3 O
解题要点 在句了意义非常清楚明确时，状语从句通常可以简略为分词短语，但有一个先决条件。此分词短语的逻辑主语应与句子的主语为同一人或物，此类分词短语通常置于句首。
/ G- x$ G q4 {. T& I7 c 全真例题分析7 l% d" a1 n% V3 _& `
(1) ------- as“the census taker of the sky”Annie Jump Cannon contributed considerably to the field of astronomy.- N" R) B+ h; P, j3 `
(A) Known
' ]* I) A) F2 Y (B) Knowing
# I# @/ I6 a0 T+ _! E (C) To known4 A: }; H4 ~' ?1 m y8 Q+ m
(D) Knowledge (92.5), i) s8 o9 E- \* Y* }$ I7 h
[答案] A 分词短语置于句首作表示身份的状语。它的逻辑主语即是句子的主语Annie Jump Cannon.) D5 X+ r/ j T9 l3 P
(2) ------- in 1635, the Boston Latin School is the oldest public school in the United States .
/ |/ i6 e. l8 y# s (A) Founded6 I; j1 U, S% N
(B) Founding1 F+ Z5 N) e2 s( Y* t! U1 J& n: m- W
(C) To found
$ M/ V$ X6 A5 [* O% S (D) Having founded (92.1): S0 \% W+ H% l: U4 G
[答案] A 分词短语表示时间，其逻辑主语即是句子主语The Boston Latin School.
6 j, a' d! b% Q (3) ------- the constitution of the Cherokee Nation provided for a chief executive, a senate, and a house of representatives.
3 Y" d) [, N& d (A) In 1827 they drafted
, z. |3 l- b( \7 k8 y9 C: V (B) The draft in 1827! ?0 s8 J5 ^% n4 K* Q( r# p
(C) In 1872 was drafted
8 Q. ?3 F; x1 g9 o* [; \+ h (D) Drafted in 1827 (90.5)" `1 f: x0 j* X6 Q8 \" c l6 W) f
[答案] D分词短语作状语，表示时间。此结构可扩展为一状语从句；where the constitution of the Cherokee Nation was drafted in 1827 it provided for a chief executive a senate, and a house of representatives.$ n9 q; J1 }0 e. T/ w
4. 现在分词表达主动的概念；过去分词表达被动的概念
: Q, t8 {0 C7 V. M 全真例题分析6 r j% ?' \+ e5 e* v1 v, h* ^; G
(1) Tudging to be the best boxer of his time, sugar Ray Robinson lost only 3 out of 137 fights (94.1)
' ^0 |/ B4 I! }0 c1 G3 K% a [答案] A 此分词短语与其逻辑上的主语sugar Ray Robinson 是被动的关系（Sugar was judged to be…) 故应用过去词Tudped to be.: ^) A) k/ }* V5 A$ `2 u
(2) During the Colonial days, the Iroquois had an agricultural economy basing mainly on corn with supplementary crops of pumpkins ,beans, and tobacco. (92.1)
0 C$ Y: @! V7 Z# H/ }% ]- A2 Z [答案] B通常我们说to be based on ，这个短语表示被动概念（基于，以…为基础），所以应改用过去分词based。* ?! N! F: b- [) ]6 ~2 ]
(3) Per capita income is a nation*s entire income dividing by the number of people in the nation. (90.10)* s: Q. h5 ^- A. o
[答案] B根据句意及分词dividing后面的介词by，可以推断这个分词短语表达的是被动的概念，因此，应用过去分词divided by。
0 ?, s! _1 e. e+ ]1 e (4) Clementine Hunter*s primitive paintings have been exhibited at various galleries. Included one at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington. D.C. (93.1)
; k2 l' S3 ?! e6 x( c [答案] D 分词in cluded与其逻辑的主语paintings并无被动的关系，不应用过去分词，应改为惯用现在分词短语in cluding + 名词宾语的结构。 |
发表于 2012-8-14 22:34:35
