Newspaper publishers in the United States have long been enthusiastic users
e& W& A l0 |0 D/ Xand distributors of weather maps. Although some newspapers that had carried the
, g7 ? t1 ^5 G; DUnited States Weather Bureau's national weather map in 1912 dropped it once the
1 G% X/ j1 m. T: u3 ?% M0 Xnovelty had passed, many continued to print the daily weather chart provided by
" h, F* d; O$ S; Q- [# x(5) their local forecasting office. In the 1930's, when interest in aviation and progress in 4 Q: K3 Z% c3 m1 E3 T: z5 H
air-mass analysis made weather patterns more newsworthy, additional newspapers 0 O5 L* o$ J7 [& r6 Q1 l; ?
started or resumed the daily weather map. In 1935, The Associated Press (AP) news , u. q! a6 u" [8 N* I; h! W7 }
service inaugurated its WirePhoto network and offered subscribing newspapers
# Q: H9 a' c" S: Q% t4 y: [% G; Pmorning and afternoon weather maps redrafted by the AP's Washington, B.C., office
+ R: L0 n8 {9 t0 ] h% }(10)from charts provided by the government agency. Another news service, United Press International (UPI), developed a competing photowire network and also provided
+ n5 w5 h; X: k2 F' i4 }; w5 ltimely weather maps for both morning and afternoon newspapers. After the United ' c, A, I4 ^/ v2 {9 i" H
States government launched a series of weather satellites in 1966, both the AP and 2 c! U P* X* `8 [9 J2 L
UPI offered cloud-cover photos obtained from the Weather Bureau.
' `5 z7 r ^4 s: J6 l% F7 [(15) In the late 1970's and early 1980's, the weather map became an essential
6 L* @% o$ d, I. {3 Aingredient in the redesign of the American newspaper. News publishers, threatened
# a5 |' G- j% \) |by increased competition from television for readers' attention, sought to package
! Q \8 n, k. V) L* g/ E, kthe news more conveniently and attractively. In 1982, many publishers felt
# A. N4 }, V" s$ Fthreatened by the new USA Today, a national daily newspaper that used a page-wide,
( `+ m2 Y4 J0 B(20)full-color weather map as its key design element. That the weather map in USA ! v/ r) G' a& d u
21 Today did not include information about weather fronts and pressures attests to the 2 V+ ]& \+ ?( O+ r( |0 y+ U
largely symbolic role it played. Nonetheless, competing local and metropolitan
/ g8 Q) U' C- X( ynewspapers responded in a variety of ways. Most substituted full-color temperature
( ]3 E0 M" r1 p8 k5 q# S+ bmaps for the standard weather maps, while others dropped the comparatively drab
* O+ k1 A7 g. w, N(25)satellite photos or added regional forecast maps with pictorial symbols to indicate / F+ P C/ N) U% j$ l+ g, ?
rainy, snowy, cloudy, or clear conditions. A few newspapers, notably The New York % }9 B$ P! G \: t
Times, adopted a highly informative yet less visually prominent weather map that . K4 }5 {; L* l$ Y6 Q; s
was specially designed to explain an important recent or imminent weather event.
6 P' p. p& C* U! D2 \, T) qIronically, a newspaper's richest, most instructive weather maps often are
) L, A' ?7 F1 \; X8 `( ](30)comparatively small and inconspicuous. 8 _. y5 _1 x; D3 T! W
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) }8 w4 W e4 Z' [) X; H. f2 x
5 H# \3 y: f2 t# W10. What does the passage mainly discuss?
8 i$ }& g4 {/ X, b2 r(A) The differences between government and newspaper weather forecasting in the United States. - z4 R! E' A; f# R5 t9 x, G6 w' t
(B) The history of publishing weather maps in United States newspapers ' I4 M5 ^7 I. Q3 r# y% V- ?3 ~5 f' N
(C) A comparison of regional and national weather reporting in the United States. 3 v$ J& ~' {9 I9 u0 J4 G
(D) Information that forms the basis for weather forecasting in the United States
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1 ~6 L% m; D" R$ ]' h2 O11. The word "resumed" in line 7 is closest in meaning to 6 d0 A* d/ `; k. Z- W. W
(A) began again6 X2 v- \6 J( h% E
(B) held back 7 ?& I2 u) b% S* d/ V7 b
(C) thought over3 h0 Q$ G3 t! Z
(D) referred to |
发表于 2012-8-14 22:34:35
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