Newspaper publishers in the United States have long been enthusiastic users % H# z) f4 |3 g* n6 d4 H8 @
and distributors of weather maps. Although some newspapers that had carried the
L$ W6 |. q& w! f# t" E; z$ kUnited States Weather Bureau's national weather map in 1912 dropped it once the . s8 `. m6 |9 ]( y0 H
novelty had passed, many continued to print the daily weather chart provided by 9 L+ F" f+ W* P$ K! c7 h* y6 s
(5) their local forecasting office. In the 1930's, when interest in aviation and progress in
8 A$ ^; a& |6 q# G& D- h5 V4 W8 mair-mass analysis made weather patterns more newsworthy, additional newspapers
" i( I3 q, ] t" h8 Kstarted or resumed the daily weather map. In 1935, The Associated Press (AP) news 7 ]9 O7 D+ F: k! f) f
service inaugurated its WirePhoto network and offered subscribing newspapers
9 Z2 @+ ?) S, b8 A _$ x) a% S- Amorning and afternoon weather maps redrafted by the AP's Washington, B.C., office % |$ g+ d! o3 p) C3 b
(10)from charts provided by the government agency. Another news service, United Press International (UPI), developed a competing photowire network and also provided ( p7 ~- J" M5 }( I' g8 J/ q7 b
timely weather maps for both morning and afternoon newspapers. After the United ' z2 ~) y8 W$ I% `
States government launched a series of weather satellites in 1966, both the AP and
4 ^8 V& _+ E6 g4 w, M. V$ LUPI offered cloud-cover photos obtained from the Weather Bureau. : v" Z. |; F$ O% Y, t
(15) In the late 1970's and early 1980's, the weather map became an essential Y' F% B. G0 O+ g# j N* `8 B! m
ingredient in the redesign of the American newspaper. News publishers, threatened
7 ]& C( h" M, O1 }by increased competition from television for readers' attention, sought to package
* Y, d( f7 r$ I& n0 i2 a3 Kthe news more conveniently and attractively. In 1982, many publishers felt 7 ?7 s- v/ ?: N; e/ {
threatened by the new USA Today, a national daily newspaper that used a page-wide, ) {& u. S9 _6 V8 H$ Y2 \
(20)full-color weather map as its key design element. That the weather map in USA ! D. i2 g/ A# P4 i$ b! f
21 Today did not include information about weather fronts and pressures attests to the
% J' H" i5 X+ c" _" ^( |largely symbolic role it played. Nonetheless, competing local and metropolitan
$ e; \% p1 ~% O. T, s! A- Rnewspapers responded in a variety of ways. Most substituted full-color temperature
8 D" z4 t: u) Smaps for the standard weather maps, while others dropped the comparatively drab
+ j& I5 B& V& C# i; V# y d9 l2 y(25)satellite photos or added regional forecast maps with pictorial symbols to indicate
, I7 s) X9 S( d5 e# L: K8 Grainy, snowy, cloudy, or clear conditions. A few newspapers, notably The New York ) ?7 j3 [& [. s( i) p
Times, adopted a highly informative yet less visually prominent weather map that # g4 P/ E$ Q6 w/ w0 k# Z
was specially designed to explain an important recent or imminent weather event.
$ i2 K) a; u/ D- {; V8 V9 jIronically, a newspaper's richest, most instructive weather maps often are 3 \" N5 f m5 C. V. V
(30)comparatively small and inconspicuous.
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( H0 n1 A( {+ o10. What does the passage mainly discuss? & @- M- ~3 D6 @$ u& A6 H
(A) The differences between government and newspaper weather forecasting in the United States.
9 K1 E( ?/ b5 t9 p0 i: T B(B) The history of publishing weather maps in United States newspapers
% v1 `6 p& K) s( q) U6 Q(C) A comparison of regional and national weather reporting in the United States. 9 J. p$ i' ^$ c- w
(D) Information that forms the basis for weather forecasting in the United States
6 z h% E% P. d2 g$ r0 [5 N " l6 L& d6 C/ `* z4 R/ R7 L
11. The word "resumed" in line 7 is closest in meaning to
& F( f4 e+ O8 u5 h(A) began again+ E; c! W6 b; Y }
(B) held back * E2 S7 \4 S6 {' A
(C) thought over
! S; G; v9 N) V$ t f) c% N" C(D) referred to |
发表于 2012-8-14 22:34:35
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