2011年托福考试：语法模拟试题及答案详解(1)

会计考友

　　1. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body.
　　A. in disease
　　B. that disease
7 y4 E6 y7 e- M7 v' |　　C. of disease
　　D. about disease
　　答案：B
　　分析：动词believe 的用法：直接加that引导的宾语从句。这里that为连接adv.，在句中不作任何成分，其后接完整句。
　　参考译文：大多数殖民时期的医生认为疾病来源人体内不平衡的体液。
　　2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.
　　A. she was the first woman to conduct
　　B. the first woman conductor
1 e% i! E% `  O# V　　C. the woman was first conducting
& Z2 o( ]$ A, M/ K6 E- K　　D. the woman conducts first
　　答案：B
　　分析：缺宾语，答案中只有B，D可以作宾语，但D的语序不对。
' Z$ F- ~: N, X: y+ {" h+ B　　参考译文：1976，Sarah Caldwell成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家。
0 D! c1 m0 t* m. n9 L! q' _　　补充： 常考 the first/second/… one to do sth
: A& p+ @4 x6 j- Z9 x　　3. On January 7， 1955， Marian Anderson became _________ to sing a major role at New York City's Metropolitan Opera House.
3 q8 O8 }6 w7 X" G+ z4 O　　A. the first African American
　　B. the first African American was
# q: k) L: k. k( A; W. f3 o　　C. she was the first African American
* `$ b1 y- J4 x2 t8 J2 q　　D. when the first African American
　　答案：A
6 Z4 K2 ?" Q1 d( f# x　　分析：缺宾语，C， D都不能作宾语。一句话中只能有一个谓语，而B中有was，句中出现两个谓语，一定错。
# H* O) |3 V5 U$ w　　参考译文：1955年1月7号，Marian Anderson成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House担任主唱的美籍黑人。
　　4. Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities throughout the United States， _________ when massive highway-building programs permitted greater suburban growth.
　　A. and accelerated a phenomenon
$ u0 ~: f) Y, M# f4 A　　B. a phenomenon that accelerated
1 V* |0 w3 |$ f# A9 [% f　　C. accelerating a phenomenon which，
　　D. the acceleration of which phenomenon
5 ^% c; m7 J( P1 |! s; Z3 U　　答案：B
  W9 n" Z: C$ C　　分析：考的是同位语结构，a phenomenon是 the decentralization of cities throughout the United States 的同位语。A中and为conj.，后面应该连接一个完整的句子，但缺主语，错;C中语序混乱，错; D中of which作为介词宾语，后面应该接一个完整句，但只有一个phenomenon主语，句子不完整，错。
　　参考译文：可能战后最重大的趋势就是美国城市的分散化，当大规模高速公路建设项目容许了更大程度的发展郊区，这个现象更被促进了。
　　补充： accelerate/ accomplish/ achieve/ evolve都可以是vi.不接宾语
# ]* M5 ~, g) j, n) [　　5. Ronald Reagan had served two terms as governor of California before _________ President.
　　A. he became
　　B. when becoming
  m: Q1 h" n+ y! z- C6 a4 Q　　C. became
　　D. did he become
　　答案：A
$ k" m( j* O$ {9 u　　分析：before为状语从句引导词conj，后面一般引导一个完整的句子。B同时出现两个状语从句引导词，错;C缺主语;D应该为正常语序，选项中使用了倒装句式，错。
2 u9 a' d1 S) L) ^; k$ z. u: K& ]9 a　　参考译文：里根在成为美国总统之前连续两届担任加州的州长。

会计考友

</p>　　6. _________， domesticated grapes grow in clusters， range in color from pale green to black， and contain sugar in varying quantities.
  `! Y2 j% u$ P8 I: P' ]3 F9 q　　A. Their botanical classification as berries
　　B. Although their botanical classification as berries
　　C. Because berries being their botanical classification
　　D. Classified botanically as berries
　　答案：D
　　分析：句子的主语是grapes ， 后面是平行结构grow…， range…， and contain…。空格后的句子已完整，那么空格处就应该是同位语，状语从句，分词等修饰成分。A中Their指代不明，而且classification和berries也不相符，错;B中Although为conj.，后面应该是完整句，错;C中Because为conj.，后面应该是完整句，错。
* ]6 w$ ?$ H( ~3 C" Z# f0 U! p, f2 K) X　　参考译文：培植的葡萄的植物分类跟浆果是一样的，它们成串的长在树上，颜色从灰白色到黑色，并且包含由不同数量的糖份。
　　7. The cymbal is ________ in the military band and is also frequently used in modern orchestral music.
) S4 o# `- s1 e, H4 n　　A. a basic instrument
　　B. basic instrument
3 O4 f6 A' N/ a5 `4 a* n; ]　　C. how basic an instrument it is
　　D. as an instrument is basic
7 o6 C2 _2 I6 Q! ^: B8 [/ ]　　答案：A
　　分析：instrument可数，前面应该有限定词a.and前为一简单句。
　　参考译文：铙钹在军乐队里是一个基本的乐器，而且还经常在现代管弦乐里使用。
　　8. In instrumentalist philosophy， ideas and knowledge are exclusively functional processes： they are of significance only _________ instrumental in the development of experience.
9 O" ~, Q; H' b9 q# P4 I% T　　A. as they are
　　B. are they
) R" P( R& w% k　　C. there are
　　D. are
　　答案：A
　　分析：两个谓语需要有一个conj.来连接。一个句子中出现2个谓语且没有连接词就一定错。
5 M$ ^, i$ `# T5 _　　参考译文：在乐器演奏家的哲学里面，思想和知识是专有排外性的功能性的过程。他们的重要意义仅限于在经验发展的过程中，用于乐器演奏。
2 F" I5 K9 v2 n/ y　　9. _________ either by cooling or by depriving the fire of oxygen， and most do both.
. v4 W; A) a6 ?( W/ _- ~* C　　A. Working fire extinguishers
　　B. Fire extinguishers that work
; K; q( P3 x2 [4 ~# ~　　C. Fire extinguishers work
　　D. The work of fire extinguishers
% }7 ^" W6 D+ r5 n　　答案：C
* W0 Q6 z9 v% s& P: V! v　　分析：空格中缺主谓。A中没有谓语;B中that多余，因为句中只有一个谓语;D也没有谓语。
9 [$ q  A7 s" K2 }- ^! ^+ P. L　　参考译文：灭火器的通过冷却或者减少火中的氧气的方法工作的，大多数时候两个方法都会用到。
　　10. The introduction of mass-production methods enabled many people _________ and gave them an unprecedented amount of mobility.
4 h" x$ G- K) D& O) s8 W) @. S　　A. to purchase their own automobiles
　　B. their own to purchase automobiles
　　C. to their own purchase automobiles
: F: O7 p3 Q) E' s' O　　D. own their automobiles to purchase
, h: O' g" s2 l, D8 W4 |/ g! e　　答案：A
　　分析：为固定结构enable sb to do sth.
; {% `0 X# u5 r% o& y　　参考译文：规模生产方法的产生，使得人们能够买自己的车，并获得了空前的灵活性。