2011年托福考试：语法模拟试题及答案详解(1)

会计考友

　　1. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body.
　　A. in disease
　　B. that disease
9 j! W$ S5 |2 E! o1 O8 I　　C. of disease
+ V3 y- x! I; n+ E: `6 O　　D. about disease
　　答案：B
1 ^, [! Q. s7 Y8 y2 p* f; n　　分析：动词believe 的用法：直接加that引导的宾语从句。这里that为连接adv.，在句中不作任何成分，其后接完整句。
( }+ U6 y7 v6 h+ r$ Z　　参考译文：大多数殖民时期的医生认为疾病来源人体内不平衡的体液。
# N, a0 ^% n- t4 }2 h0 l　　2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.
　　A. she was the first woman to conduct
% P6 O. c8 z# |. p, J! f8 W% G4 h" k　　B. the first woman conductor
( d+ \( F3 G$ u3 A! v　　C. the woman was first conducting
  D% F* h5 H. @% o. h　　D. the woman conducts first
* c  S8 a  L% f2 y9 E. Z　　答案：B
　　分析：缺宾语，答案中只有B，D可以作宾语，但D的语序不对。
% G9 |& k2 I9 _7 M( U, H　　参考译文：1976，Sarah Caldwell成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家。
9 i( a1 ^& S4 a' c$ x　　补充： 常考 the first/second/… one to do sth
  {% D: @4 i6 Z! z7 t* O. s: e　　3. On January 7， 1955， Marian Anderson became _________ to sing a major role at New York City's Metropolitan Opera House.
　　A. the first African American
0 I# A, N7 W& I! r% V( Q, J　　B. the first African American was
3 z) T# }4 J, n' }) W5 u" p" O　　C. she was the first African American
　　D. when the first African American
　　答案：A
　　分析：缺宾语，C， D都不能作宾语。一句话中只能有一个谓语，而B中有was，句中出现两个谓语，一定错。
: ?! o% L# c  a& P( C9 v, ?, ~8 ]　　参考译文：1955年1月7号，Marian Anderson成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House担任主唱的美籍黑人。
　　4. Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities throughout the United States， _________ when massive highway-building programs permitted greater suburban growth.
6 j! i* g, y: o　　A. and accelerated a phenomenon
* U' ?$ i( k% P) _# R! G+ V) x　　B. a phenomenon that accelerated
　　C. accelerating a phenomenon which，
　　D. the acceleration of which phenomenon
　　答案：B
　　分析：考的是同位语结构，a phenomenon是 the decentralization of cities throughout the United States 的同位语。A中and为conj.，后面应该连接一个完整的句子，但缺主语，错;C中语序混乱，错; D中of which作为介词宾语，后面应该接一个完整句，但只有一个phenomenon主语，句子不完整，错。
/ M$ I: M' S& s9 `# C9 A. }　　参考译文：可能战后最重大的趋势就是美国城市的分散化，当大规模高速公路建设项目容许了更大程度的发展郊区，这个现象更被促进了。
　　补充： accelerate/ accomplish/ achieve/ evolve都可以是vi.不接宾语
# Y7 _. D6 ?+ q. X' z; J. Q5 o9 H& L　　5. Ronald Reagan had served two terms as governor of California before _________ President.
1 r1 H9 |3 ?# S' L/ r　　A. he became
" C3 B* Q0 R$ G/ e# {　　B. when becoming
8 S8 B. @: B) g$ \$ M　　C. became
　　D. did he become
# y% A/ Z* `7 ^1 U　　答案：A
+ s/ f3 U9 s& |6 q% Y( u9 |　　分析：before为状语从句引导词conj，后面一般引导一个完整的句子。B同时出现两个状语从句引导词，错;C缺主语;D应该为正常语序，选项中使用了倒装句式，错。
) \  K  S' [" e% n　　参考译文：里根在成为美国总统之前连续两届担任加州的州长。

会计考友

</p>　　6. _________， domesticated grapes grow in clusters， range in color from pale green to black， and contain sugar in varying quantities.
) O% V) D8 ?  l+ u- m% z　　A. Their botanical classification as berries
　　B. Although their botanical classification as berries
　　C. Because berries being their botanical classification
　　D. Classified botanically as berries
( @$ V+ W9 p4 i5 |　　答案：D
　　分析：句子的主语是grapes ， 后面是平行结构grow…， range…， and contain…。空格后的句子已完整，那么空格处就应该是同位语，状语从句，分词等修饰成分。A中Their指代不明，而且classification和berries也不相符，错;B中Although为conj.，后面应该是完整句，错;C中Because为conj.，后面应该是完整句，错。
　　参考译文：培植的葡萄的植物分类跟浆果是一样的，它们成串的长在树上，颜色从灰白色到黑色，并且包含由不同数量的糖份。
　　7. The cymbal is ________ in the military band and is also frequently used in modern orchestral music.
　　A. a basic instrument
# K+ g2 e0 p" r% Q! K　　B. basic instrument
4 }, n2 s2 q; m9 Z  M# D　　C. how basic an instrument it is
　　D. as an instrument is basic
9 ]! R; y1 O8 i* M　　答案：A
. h1 Q" r$ z* w( \8 ^( l) I　　分析：instrument可数，前面应该有限定词a.and前为一简单句。
　　参考译文：铙钹在军乐队里是一个基本的乐器，而且还经常在现代管弦乐里使用。
　　8. In instrumentalist philosophy， ideas and knowledge are exclusively functional processes： they are of significance only _________ instrumental in the development of experience.
　　A. as they are
3 P: |2 O" }- ]　　B. are they
　　C. there are
　　D. are
$ T6 e; \' a3 _# w, p( _　　答案：A
　　分析：两个谓语需要有一个conj.来连接。一个句子中出现2个谓语且没有连接词就一定错。
- s& F+ y! E0 `' {! T! x. \/ }　　参考译文：在乐器演奏家的哲学里面，思想和知识是专有排外性的功能性的过程。他们的重要意义仅限于在经验发展的过程中，用于乐器演奏。
: A4 x6 }3 T  Y8 s8 p- {　　9. _________ either by cooling or by depriving the fire of oxygen， and most do both.
: g# ]( H, u4 d% ?8 d+ [3 r! Z7 M　　A. Working fire extinguishers
5 t6 L$ |5 }, r　　B. Fire extinguishers that work
7 P; q1 l. ]* [8 `5 e; M' `% a: C　　C. Fire extinguishers work
# w9 q" p' {: y* O1 L, [　　D. The work of fire extinguishers
4 t! C$ j% L/ y8 `4 D　　答案：C
　　分析：空格中缺主谓。A中没有谓语;B中that多余，因为句中只有一个谓语;D也没有谓语。
　　参考译文：灭火器的通过冷却或者减少火中的氧气的方法工作的，大多数时候两个方法都会用到。
　　10. The introduction of mass-production methods enabled many people _________ and gave them an unprecedented amount of mobility.
9 p2 S; j9 N9 F; z. f　　A. to purchase their own automobiles
　　B. their own to purchase automobiles
" ?) |% v9 g* i6 x9 b$ z7 n　　C. to their own purchase automobiles
- Z. {. K; K0 }3 J; p% _  p　　D. own their automobiles to purchase
) s- m4 f3 O1 ]5 J" g　　答案：A
  R) Y. }! J$ z% Z+ V　　分析：为固定结构enable sb to do sth.
　　参考译文：规模生产方法的产生，使得人们能够买自己的车，并获得了空前的灵活性。