The Northwest Coast, a complex pattern of ( k6 R) R% ^+ `( u+ f
islands, coastal plains, foothills, and mountain ( a/ O+ T0 e! }, P+ E0 E5 V
ranges, extends from California north to Alaska,
/ v6 k4 D- h; b' ~" oencompassing all the t erritory west of the Cascade 5 }2 V8 r- O8 \6 d
and Coast Ranges. Its climate is one of even,
, `. s1 r4 ]# G2 qmoderate temperatures (except in the mountains) 9 h( ^$ B; M! I c
and relatively heavy rainfall. This combination of mild
2 I7 f& _. Q: }- Y) j) Ztemperatures and abundant rainfall produces a lush,
: w* k9 A: s: {! J. z' [dense forest vegetation of conifers, deciduous trees,
6 o; z# \. y& ?: ^+ z8 E0 j% qmosses, and ferns. : Q: X/ I: E2 Y7 R) f/ u$ [
To its Native American inhabitants of the 1400’s,
9 W4 f2 p/ ]+ b6 kthe long, slender coastal region presented both a
: t S6 L2 B$ M5 F# L {5 g2 Lfavorable and a forbidding environment. The sea and / }2 `- S' U& G
the rivers held many resources, but to exploit them : F; v- O4 d7 E0 ^0 X
required the development of super craft to navigate 3 h8 r2 R+ _' D: P
waters that were often stormy and rough. The forests 3 c# k4 r: v i9 M8 t! Z
were rich with game and many edible plant foods, but
( }0 D% c) b. M1 \7 y; W; qthe vegetation of much of the area was so dense that
- N b: Y1 c0 n5 w1 X2 a E Y# Pland travel was extremely difficult, and lar ge parts of 7 _7 x3 D1 z: k9 \* W+ [) f
the heavily forested foothills and rugged mountains 3 }) X" ~* R6 J/ R. x5 \+ @
were unsuitable for human settlements. Villages
1 _ G& V; \& m9 Hinstead were located along the rivers, on the
/ p' P- s& m C3 U5 `( P! T. q" ushores of bays and low -lying offshore islands, and + X2 M1 K7 B# ~9 f1 M* O w/ o: M
occasionally even at sheltered locations fronting on the 1 ~2 y1 B6 d2 ]/ M9 X
open ocean.
5 G1 f, S, ]( P0 e wIt is estimated that the Northwest Coast of the + D& u7 q# n, B* O
1400’s had a population of about 130,000 and thus
) x/ M. D5 J, A7 k9 ^$ ?& |2 ]was one of the most heavily populated areas of " \) s" T! R- i
North America north of Mexico. The people had ) Y# B& _% P6 k" k
no agriculture but, over thousands of years, had 5 {# m+ {3 q, l. b* q. g8 H, Y
developed techniques and equipment to exploit their
3 S3 B7 r$ c% V2 d- k/ o ienvironment, basing their economy on fishing in
3 G* |! q* c; _" v# r+ C4 p2 T q' zstreams and coastal waters that teemed with salmon,
9 Z: k5 A. S6 U0 n+ M2 e' ihalibut, and other varieties of fish; gathering abalone, mussels, clams, and other shellfish from the rocky coastline; hunting land and sea mammals; and
) M7 Y. E" h9 ^collecting wild plant foods. By the end of the century, they reached a high cultural level usually found only among agricultural people, enjoying a stability that
6 q: L/ Y0 y! V* Fallowed the development of a complex social and ceremonial life, an elaborate technology, and one of the world’s great art styles.
# o9 J7 A/ w' u+ y, D1. Which of the following is the main 0 B+ G( ^( f- N& H5 o* o1 k1 }( E
point the author makes about Native
1 ~- _: [! D0 j! gAmericans of the Northwest Coast? 4 r+ p& S0 E! b; r2 V1 l. P6 F" m
9 t, [& o- T- X$ }7 U* B O2 h3 N2 N+ p
They raised crops unique to " Q% ^! ]5 Z' P1 ?3 U
North America. 2 S( c9 x+ p& e
They made good use of the
; |" A0 v l" P% M/ l4 _2 p2 Cenvironment to build a ! O5 s( I9 l; {# \0 D
successful society.
. b: l1 R4 `# P0 S4 r* b* ATheir technology helped them 3 T$ @- v7 w% Q7 g4 _0 ^' s; l+ N
survive in the area’s harsh 5 X& _; b& k- x# F
climate. $ }/ S% \; G6 R( f% `1 N
Their culture was heavily
0 t$ ?3 v( O- B, u) linfluenced by the culture of 5 J/ J; v$ G7 `. r9 j0 ]% l- |
Mexico.
r4 [) W# V& i- L% Z+ A- L, q b k- M0 q' Y8 Q) Y
) d1 M; R; U8 G* p
8 v) R, Y$ v# g, S3 Z9 B
2. The climate of the Northwest Coast
; u/ h6 `( M) S* tregion is generally - G+ z* T- t3 m9 v$ s+ O
: `( X3 f, Q: ^, J' D, Y" Y
warm and dry ' B# d" G/ Y* j: m) k# {7 [, s
extremely cold ; k) E) [" h" l! s' v
neither very hot nor very cold ; p1 {: k7 \6 C" q/ Z
constantly changing
# Z0 N' I3 j. B4 d7 s' H
; ?- Y9 v1 n% o. ^' h2 C8 G* f3 E: x& H3. The word game in the passage is " E/ o, [' Q6 {) P5 @! ^
closest in meaning to Y, _5 @$ h7 ?1 D% k4 V8 k) \" L
7 C: O4 M. e5 @- k3 @
sport / i1 B! ?( V0 n8 E! L4 _/ v! A
tricks
2 G/ f3 c' l* G2 w& ~: ]8 T wood
- Z' e' A* G9 f7 I; `5 [7 H, U animals |