新托福阅读材料：用果汁服药并不科学

会计考友

生病吃药并不是件让人愉快的事，那么，用甜蜜的果汁送服药丸是不是就能把吃药变得更美好呢?或许这能让很多人心里好受些，不过在身体上却会遭受一些损失。因为一些果汁会影响药物的作用。  
　　Grapefruit, orange and apple juices can harm the body's ability to absorb certain medications and make the drugs less effective, said a Canadian study released last week in the United States.
/ E9 r4 m; z$ \+ n　　上周在美国发表的一篇加拿大研究报告指出，柚子汁、橙汁、苹果汁会损害身体吸收某些药物的功能，从而降低药物的功效。
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　　The research showed that these juices can decrease the effectiveness of certain drugs used to treat heart disease, cancer, organ-transplant rejection and infection, "potentially wiping out their beneficial effects," it said.
) W# f# u" i2 ^) y1 R$ x6 |! g　　此研究表明，这些果汁会降低某些治疗心脏病、癌症、以及器官移植排斥和传染的药物的效力，并潜在抵消药物有益的作用。
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: ~6 f# K/ e9 Y* c( b+ [　　David Bailey, a professor of clinical pharmacology with the University of Western Ontario and leader of the study, was the first researcher to identify grapefruit juice's potential to increase the absorption of certain drugs two decades ago, possibly turning some doses toxic.
# \+ }5 d: K6 w6 Z! |　　这次研究的负责人，西安大略大学的临床药理学专家大卫·贝利，已于两十年前首次证实了柚子汁可能会增加某种药物的吸收，并可能形成一些有毒的物质。

7 A$ {3 p6 p( w9 V% C　　The new findings came as part of his continuing research on the subject, and were presented at the 236th annual meeting of the American Chemical Society on Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
' a  Q- s0 `7 B' a; [& I* M　　这个新的发现作为他在这个专题持续研究的一部分，在宾夕法尼亚州费城的美国化学协会第236届的年会上发表。
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　　"Recently, we discovered that grapefruit and these other fruit juices substantially decrease the oral absorption of certain drugs undergoing intestinal uptake transport," AFP quoted Bailey as saying.
　　“最近，我们发现柚子汁和其他果汁大大地减少了某些口服药物在肠道内摄入转移的量。”支持贝利的AFP如是说。
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6 d  J  E8 ~7 b( E9 I0 t　　"The concern is loss of benefit of medications essential for the treatment of serious medical conditions."
5 Z. u: c0 j  E( W6 |  x( ^$ B! b　　“真正的担忧是药物失去了其对于治疗某些严重病情的本质疗效。”

　　Healthy volunteers took fexofenadine, an antihistamine used to fight allergies, along with either a glass of grapefruit juice, a glass of water with naringin (which gives the bitter taste to grapefruit juice), or plain water.
1 p2 k" d( l. E' C, [5 y　　健康的志愿者服用一种治疗过敏症的抗组织胺药fexofenadine，并分别用一杯柚子汁、泡柚皮甙的水(此种水会使柚子汁的味道更苦)和白开水送服。
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　　Those who drank the grapefruit juice absorbed only half the amount of fexofenadine, compared to those who drank plain water.
. \1 y! R/ f8 j' P　　那些用柚子汁送服的对fexofenadine的吸收量仅为那些用纯水送服的人的一半。

　　Researchers said the water with naringin served to block "a key drug uptake transporter, called OATP1A2, involved in shuttling drugs from the small intestine to the bloodstream."
. z9 v1 M4 K6 j& h　　研究者说，喝了泡有柚皮甙的水会阻碍一种叫做OATP1A2的关键的药物输送物质，该物质可以帮助药物从小肠转移至血液中。

$ Z9 l* ]1 J9 S8 A　　Among the drugs affected by consumption of grapefruit, orange and apple juices are: etoposide, an anticancer agent; beta blockers (atenolol, celiprolol, talinolol) used to treat high blood pressure and prevent heart attacks; and certain antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, itraconazole). More drugs were expected to be added to the list as the research continued.
　　受柚子，橙子，和苹果汁影响的药物有：抗癌作用剂依托泊苷;用来治疗高血压和防止心脏病发作的β-受体阻滞药(阿替洛尔，塞替洛尔，他林洛尔);某些抗生素(环丙沙星，氧氟沙星，伊曲康唑)。随着研究的进行将会有更多的药物加入到这个列表中。

　　Bailey said patients should consult with a doctor about taking medications with juice, and stick to plain water when taking most medications.
　　贝利说病人用果汁送服药物时应咨询医生的意见，并且服用大多数药物时应坚持用白开水送服。