托福英语阅读材料：ClenchedMusclesAssistSelf-Control

会计考友

很多人都想知道如何增强自己的毅力，今天的托福考试阅读材料就来说说一项有关肌肉控制与毅力的最新研究。  
　　You’re trying to exercise willpower—to avoid eating that second piece of cake or buying an electronic toy you don’t really need. Try firming up your muscles. Any muscles. Now you can walk away—as long as walking away is truly in line with your overall goals.
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) M, {9 B- ]8 _　　Researchers created various tests of discipline. In one test, participants got a so-called health tonic of diluted, but unpleasant tasting vinegar. Those committed to their long term health who also tensed their calf muscles were more likely to drink more of the vinegar.

; t5 t- s. E6 C( p/ {/ b5 j　　In another test, subjects had to choose whether to look at disturbing images of post-earthquake Haiti as part of an effort to solicit donations. Half clenched their fists, half didn’t. And a much larger percentage of those who clenched were able to watch the images and pledge to help.

. q! V  q4 _& b& }% w$ X　　Another test involved snack choices. Subjects who had had health as a priority and who tightened their fingers were more likely to choose healthful snacks than non-clenchers. The study is in the Journal of Consumer Research. [Iris Hung and Aparna Labroo, "From Firm Muscles to Firm Willpower: Understanding the Role of Embodied Cognition in Self-Regulation"]
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* M( d! B$ F8 b/ _4 U/ C　　So the next time you’re faced with a choice that takes self-control, clench your fist or firm that bicep. Your will might firm up, too.