新托福考试阅读练习：UKrailnetwork’atrisk’fromclimatechange

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　气候变化正影响着我们生活的方方面面，像英国铁路部门就正面临着气候变化带来的种种挑战。  
　　Changes to the climate could pose a "serious threat" to the UK rail network, scientists have warned.

" {7 A- A+ F; t7 b9 D: L& p' E) P' w( @　　Extreme weather events - wet winters and hot summers - are projected to become more common over the next 50 years as a result of global warming.
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5 z' ]8 Y+ |# o, Z4 a/ @5 {　　A new study, in the Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, predicts this could lead to more landslides and floods.
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　　The authors say the damage could cause "widespread disruption" to travel.
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　　To reach their conclusions, scientists from the University of Southampton and Network Rail studied the number of landslides and floods that resulted in delays of more than eight hours to rail travel.

9 E1 E" K% ?* O/ d, j　　They found that the frequency of these major incidents was far higher during the wet winter of 2000-2001, when rail passengers experienced widespread travel disruption.

　　Scientists predict that such wet winters will become more common in the future, raising fears that climate change could result in "travel chaos".

) k) U5 \5 Q  [9 V% Y　　Lead author Fleur Loveridge, a PhD student at the University of Southampton, said: "This is a really serious issue which needs to be addressed."
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　　She added one of the most "at risk" areas was the south-east of England, because much of London's rail network is built on soft clay, which is particularly prone to landslides.

( Y' f' w- S; g# O　　In a separate study by Network Rail, engineers concluded that half of the UK's 10,000km (6,000 miles) of railway cuttings and embankments were in "poor" or "marginal" condition, leaving them vulnerable to extreme weather events.
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: h0 g' o4 q9 z' u" y6 k　　Earlier this year, eight people were injured when a train was derailed between Glasgow and Oban as a result of a landslide following heavy rain. In another recent incident, 40 tonnes of rock blocked a Dorset railway line resulting in major delays.

　　Ms Loveridge told BBC News: "Climate change in the near future is 'locked in' - it's too late to change that.

( N3 f" s$ A9 [: N( P5 x% U　　"We need to raise awareness and increase maintenance budgets, as well as supporting research to develop innovative engineering solutions to tackle the problems before they happen.
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　　"Proactive planning for climate change adaption offers much better value for the taxpayer than bearing the huge costs when things go wrong."


　　The UK government, in its Spending Review, announced that Network Rail would receive