iBT托福考试阅读解题攻略大全十二

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 23:21:39

推断题(Inference Question)
(1) 推断题简介和提问方式: 参见OG第23页
(2) 推断题的特点和解答
Ø    正确答案不在原文中直接出现
Ø    推理的逻辑”
2    因果:
2    对比: 时间对比; 直接对比; 比例对比(在总量构成不变的情况下此消彼涨)
Ø    推理错误: 附加条件(收敛线性推理)
6. 修辞目的题( Rhetorical Purpose Question)
(1) 修辞目的题见解和提问方式: 参见OG第24页
(2) 修辞目的题的分类和解答
Ø    段落关系
a. 顺承: 无明显的标志词
b. 转折: 有表示对比转折关系的关联词
c. 支持: 有表示举例的关联词

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 23:21:40

Ø 作者意图: 对应原文如果有表示举例的关联词,则答案在当前句之前出现,否则答案在当前句中出现; 如果找不到概括性描述.则想段落中心或全文中心靠拢.</p>It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that ever existed have become extinct. What causes extinction? When species is no longer adapted to a changed environment, it may perish. The exact causes of a species’ death vary from situation to situation. Rapid ecological change may render an environment hostile to a species. For example, temperatures may change and a species may not be able to adapt. Food resources may be affected by environmental changes, which will then cause problems for a species requiring these resources. Other species may become better adapted to an environment, resulting in competition and, ultimately, in the death of a species.
The fossile record reveals that extinction has occurred throughout the history of earth. Recent analyses have also revealed that on some occasions many species became extinct at the same time----a mass extinction. One of the best-known examples of mass extinction occurred 65 million years ago with the demise of dinosaurs and many other forms of life. Perhaps the largest mass extinction was one that occurred 225 million years ago, when approximately 95 percent of all species died, mass extinctions can be caused by a relatively rapid change in the environment and can be worsened by the close interrelationship of many species. If, for example, something were to happen to destory much of the plankon in the oceans, then the oxygen content of earth would drop, affection even organisms not living in the oceans. Such a change would probably lead to a mass extinction.
One interesting, and controversial, finding is that extinctions during the past 250 million years have tended to be more intense every 26 million years. This periodic extinction might be due to intersection of the earth’s orbit with a cloud of comets, but this theory is purely speculative. Some researchers have also speculated that extinction may often be random. That is, certain species may be eliminated and others may survive for no particular reason. A species’ survival may have nothing to do with its ability or inability to adapt. If so, some of evolutionary history may reflect a sequence of essentially random events.
What does the author say in paragraph 1 regarding most species in earth’s history
(A) They have remained basically unchanged from their original from their original forms.
(B) They have been able to adapt to ecological changes.
(C) They have caused rapid change in the environment.
(D) They are no longer in existence.
2. which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as resulting from rapid ecological change?
(A) Temperature changes
(B) Availability of food resources
(C) Introduction of new species
(D) Competition among species
3. Why is plankton mentioned in the passage?
(A) To demostrate the interdependence of different species
(B) To emphasize the importance of food resources in preventing mass extinction
(C) To illustrate a comparison between organisms that live on the land of those that live in the ocean
(D) To point out that certain species could never become extinct.
4. According to paragraph 2, evidence from fossiles suggests that
(A) extinction of species has occurred from time to time throughout earth’s history
(B) Extinctions on earth have generally been massive
(C) there has been only one mass extinction in earth’s history
(D) dinosaurs became extinct much easier than scientisr originally believed.
5. Which of the following can be inferred about the theory mentioned in paragraph 3?
(A) Many scientists could be expected to disagree with it.
(B) Evidence to support the theory has recently been found.
(C) The theory is no longer seriouly considered.
(D) Most scientists believe the theory to be accurate.
6. In paragraph 3, the author makes which of the following statements about a species’ survival?
(A) It reflecs the interrelationship of many species.
(B) It may depend on chance events.
(C) It does not vary greatly from species to species
(D) It is associated with astronomical conditions.
7. According to the passage, it is believed that the largest extinctionof a species occurred
(A) 26 million years ago
(B) 65 million years ago
(C) 225 million years ago
(D) 250 million years ago

		自动登录	找回密码
密码			立即注册

[托福阅读] iBT托福考试阅读解题攻略大全十二

iBT托福考试阅读解题攻略大全十二