iBT托福考试阅读解题攻略大全九

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新托福阅读题型解析
7 H4 z' T3 u1 r( E1. 词汇题(Vocabulary Question)
(1) 词汇题简介和提问方式: 参见OG第25页
(2) 词汇题的解答方法
3 x: D* ]; J, V# \1 h- GØ       认识：直接解题，沾边就对。
Ø       不认识：　　推断：　从词的本身
1 ^  y" w) [) U0 ?! K) }% x& Z　　　　　　　　　　　上下文：因果＼对比＼解释＼定义＼同位
0 B$ e4 }3 U8 u, m5 |* t2 p　　　　　　　代入验证
　　　　　　　不认识的不要乱猜
5 ~( N6 t, @/ o5 _* E3 a- A
: i7 ?1 @; c' h$ D: k
2. 指代题(Reference Question)
(1) 指代题简介和提问方式: 参见OG第26~27页
(2) 指代题的解答方法
Ø       代词
7 a6 E# d' ?& G4 c0 a8 Q- r" Wa. 从句的主语指代主语的主宾语(使用属性判断,不用含义)
- M" Z% \- S8 a8 K5 fb. 关系代词指代先行词(插入结构不影响指代关系)
c. 重复概念指代: Tom and his cat(就近原则)
2 @$ F0 i" m! G1 |7 u( r1 S; {/ P3 zd. some of others
some + n + of + n, others指名词
some + v, some others共指之前概念
) D# D& L3 G; s( wØ       名词:
a. 优先选择题干的上下意词
: h& G* U  R+ l( ga is a kind of A, A是a的上意词

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b. 若上下意词不唯一则当作代词指代处理</p>注意:
, j; [3 G9 t6 h# \  k, {, H) Pa.被指代对象往往在代词之前出现
b. 从句开头往后找答案
: i- n" |0 H9 n. R, x, v) Wc. 代词和被指代对象的数性和性质必须一致
! P0 x: j' o9 J; Gd. 指代的传递现象
3 d" I9 h8 G# h3 R: M/ D) {' _Jupiters and other giant planet are of a low-density type quite distinct from the terrestrial planets: they are composed predominantly of such substances as hydrogen, helium, ammonia, and methane.
The word they in the passage refers to
(A) nuclear reactions
(B) giant planets
(C) terrestrial
, x- Q( Z8 P9 S/ M7 |; V0 u- D/ D0 c(D) substances
If the physical barriers of the plant are breached, then preformed chemicals may inhibit or kill the intruder, and plant tissues contain a diverse array of toxic or potentially toxic substances, such as resins, tannins, glycosides, and alkaloids, many of which are highly effective deterrents to insects that feed on plants.
The word which in the passage refers to
(A) tissues
(B) substances
(C) barriers
(D) alkaloids
Aciculturists, people who raise birds for commercial sale, have not yet learned how to simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs in the wild. They continue to look for better ways to increase egg production and to improve chick survival rates.
" q5 [# I* k% l) J* HThe word They in the passage refers to
(A) birds
$ R0 M' H0 S, l+ B' X  A5 L4 \(B) avicuturists
$ x, Q5 ^$ J3 ?5 v; c3 C7 F(C) eggs
(D) rates
0 W4 i. _& o/ ]! }  q3 _: ?What is particularly meaningful to anthropology is the realization that although the material available to a society may to some extend limit or influence what it can do artistically, the materials by no means determine what is done.
The word it in the passage refers to
(A) realization
(B) society
) X* V3 o6 U& o(C) extent
1 J( @' b5 W' S' f( d- I(D) influence
Some of their baskets were completely covered with shell pendants; others with featers that made the baskets’ surfaces as soft as the breasts of birds.
The word others in the passage refers to
(A) masters   
(B) baskets
(C) pendants   
(D) surfaces
Encouraged by the example of certain Americans of European descent such as Thomas Eakins, Robert Henri, and George Luks, who had included persons of African descent in their paintings as serious studies rather than as trivial or sendimental stereotypes, African American artists of this period set about creating a new portrayal of themselves and their lives in the United States. As they began to strive for social and cutural independence. Their attitudes toward themselves changed, and, to some extend, others segments of American society began to change their attitudes toward them.
% w' v* _+ M1 T+ |- e4 mThe word them in the passage refers to
(A) Americans of European descent
(B) paintings
% N% O$ y/ c7 M* z% s; r5 }3 ]3 @(C) African American artists
(D) attitudes