The portion of those with the most severe symptoms who are treated with prescription stimulants, such as methylphenidate (Ritalin) and amphetamine (Adderall), also has continued to rise, the National Institutes of Health reported in September.
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$ s1 ^! i5 [! Y0 u' H+ h9 X美国国立卫生研究院(National Institutes of Health)今年9月发布报告说,使用口醋甲酯(利他能)及安非他明(苯丙胺)等处方兴奋剂治疗的症状最严重患者的比例也在继续上升。 ! l5 K- [! ^6 t! {8 c O
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The finding reported Sunday adds to growing biomedical evidence that those diagnosed with the attention disorder─arguably the most common childhood behavioral issue─have unusual patterns of brain function that can persist well into adulthood. 1 C5 N& D$ E+ w& Y
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注意力失调应该算是最常见的儿童行为问题。越来越多的生物医学证据表明,被诊断为注意力失调的儿童拥有异常的大脑功能模式,并会一直持续到成年。13日发布的这份研究报告提供了进一步的证据。
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2 I- W- Y: A: k5 `6 v' c, E5 G! ~Overall, the brain of an ADHD child matures normally, but it may take up to three years longer to fully develop, especially in areas at the front of the brain's cortex, an outer layer of tissue important in controlling attention, reasoning and planning.
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总的来说,多动症儿童的大脑是正常发育的,但可能会比一般人多花三年时间才能完全成熟,尤其是大脑皮层前部区域,这一外部组织皮层对控制注意力、判断力和组织能力起着重要的作用。 . V! m2 I. x7 L3 o( y
# ?6 M9 f7 T; W3 `* h7 GResearchers have also reported a range of specific anatomical differences among ADHD children that may be linked to behavioral problems. Earlier this month, researchers at New York University's Langone School of Medicine reported that ADHD children appeared to have a significantly thinner cortex and less gray matter than other children in some areas involved in regulating attention and emotion.
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还有研究人员的报告中提到了多动症儿童在解剖学上的一系列具体差异,这些差异可能与行为问题有关。本月早些时候,纽约大学(New York University)朗格尼医学院(Langone School of Medicine)的研究人员发布报告说,在某些与控制注意力和情绪有关的区域,多动症儿童的大脑皮层似乎比其他儿童要薄得多,灰质也比较少。
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In a separate study, other scientists said they had determined that ADHD children have differences in the caudate nucleus, which is involved in learning and memory, compared to other children.
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! w& I. m" d! g) P N0 t7 v5 n: w在另一项研究中,科学家说他们已经认定多动症儿童的尾状核与其他儿童有区别,尾状核是大脑中与学习和记忆有关的一个区域。 - K" j& s) U" z/ I; v1 e
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'These networks are disrupted,' said Mr. Puiu. 'The ADHD brain has to work harder than the normal brain.', x$ a' u3 T+ Q: K' B% ?
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普尤说,这些系统被扰乱了;多动症儿童的大脑不得不比正常大脑更加卖力地运转。 |