分词是TOEEL必考内容，在历届试题中均占相当大的比例。分词的命题形式非常广泛。平均分布在written Expressions 和structure两部分。有时，即使分词不是题目焦点，但对分词的正确分析则可以帮助考生选择正确的答案。分词的命题要点集中在（1）分词的形容词特性、（2）分词短语作后置定语、（3） 现在分词和过去分词的主动与被动含义。
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分词常考题型及解题要点：来源：考试大 b" j! z. H% W5 h i
- ]# q+ X% c9 j 1. 分词具有形容词特征，可单独作定语或表语。
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全真例题分析( D+ l; J. ?. {6 T, z
(1) The highly respect zoologist Ernest Just Joined the ruling board of the Marine Biological Laboratory in the 1930*s (93.1)* W$ a; h8 E: K1 Z' ?# L8 v
[答案] B 动词respect用来修饰后面的名词zoologist，故应改用分词respected形式，其作用相当于形容词作定语。
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(2) A patent gives inventors exclusive rights to their inventions for a fix period of time. (90.1)+ B# [8 M# t" M
[答] C 修饰保词period应用动词的分词形式，即fixed。来源：考试大5 b" v" \1 T$ `3 T* i7 q
& ^; W9 r# l$ i5 ~- \(3) Characteristics of Op Art are the carefully arrange hues and geometric patterns that create optical illusions. (88.5)
% N6 J/ T/ s, W' w[答案] A 修饰名词hues，应用分词形式arranged。
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(4) The question of the origin of the Moon is interest not only in itself but also as a part of the larger genesis of the earth and the solar system . (88.5)6 W+ A Y; ~2 ^. Z) C; W
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[答案] B interest应用其分词interesting形式作表语，作用相当于一个形空词。
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2. 分词短语作定语，放置于中心名词后面
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解题要点 分词短语作后置定语在TOEEL考题中出现频率非常高。因而，考生务必熟记这一结构和用法。实际上，分词短语作后置定语。皆是定语从句的省略形式。/ ?0 ?# F1 A2 m7 @6 E
) ]# ?" Y# s6 C! @ 全真例题分析来源：考试大0 n* r" Q$ B. \$ j0 _7 p( u% v
(1) The leaves and stems of the aifaifa plant are the only parts of the plant -------# _# U# b' j0 f5 I
(A) the uses for livestock feed
4 M0 O, Y, U7 G. _2 L3 h/ n+ c(B) for using livestock feed
7 k! ]7 T" m1 a, ](C) used for livestock feed来源：考试大
3 z; H6 `* B9 L" a(D) they are used for livestock feed (93.1)5 m! G0 t( t! K9 y; z+ y
[答案] C过去分词used + 介语短语组成的分词短语修饰前面的名词成分the only parts of the plant，作后置定语。此结构亦扩展为定语从句(that are ) used for livestock feed7 x& _7 r7 z) b* G7 s' ?* k; C6 F8 I
% q3 Z+ |/ o: M(2) The slide rule used sliding scales with marks ------- numbers and their logarithms.
b3 y3 ~' K6 {6 {) a, ~(A) representing来源：考试大9 ]8 L' l8 s: q I |2 O% J
(B) represented
- n( j; q' ~( Z8 e, A) Q& A& V(C) are represented来源：考试大3 ^# W# Y: L& R# E0 w6 O
(D) they are representing (92.10)
- [1 `( o, x8 x5 C- @, k$ T( c) i[答案] A 分词短语作名词marks的后置定语，作用相当于一个定语从句：which represent numbers and their logarithms。
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3 W" Q1 w' {! d8 X7 ^! }. c(3) Earlg philosophers believe that the mind was divided into three faculties ------- s feeling ,intellect and will
4 a4 {' S( O4 F5 C0 h. }(A) to know来源：考试大
1 U" T- x) o. r2 S5 k(B) known: b3 c& a2 g7 T
(C) knowing来源：考试大5 w4 c9 Z$ f/ E. v
(D) knew them (94.1) v- Y* D/ D' a! A: _
[答案] B分词短语known as…说明前面的名词three faculties。此结构可改写成定语从句。Which are known as…
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(4) The bison know for the hump over its shoulders is usually called a buffalo in North America. (91.1)
. c6 [9 f% f# n- V' r[答案] A 此句主语是The bison ,谓语是系词is ,划线A部分应当为分词短语，修饰名词The bison .A应改为known for。- ]' P) P2 D- a% N( r( a
1 P4 d# {+ N+ H0 c) O; g3 v(5) Louisa May Alcott is chiefly remembered for Little Women. One of the most popular girls books ever wrote (88.5)4 j7 u' ^) e: }* [3 l* C5 W) [8 V
[答案] D 修饰名词books应用分词生语ever written。, S. D W2 e+ s+ ], o& }( T
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3. 分词短语作状语来源：考试大
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解题要点 在句了意义非常清楚明确时，状语从句通常可以简略为分词短语，但有一个先决条件。此分词短语的逻辑主语应与句子的主语为同一人或物，此类分词短语通常置于句首。
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( Y' e1 E2 U6 a5 w8 M 全真例题分析来源：考试大
$ c5 m% H$ l; F) L(1) ------- as“the census taker of the sky”Annie Jump Cannon contributed considerably to the field of astronomy.7 E: j. }" a: [% a% W
(A) Known
`6 E$ P. X3 j# S(B) Knowing$ Y/ Z$ A. f. {, D* p5 ?
(C) To known+ `+ t# p1 L# H
(D) Knowledge (92.5)
8 |6 s: z, J; `$ ?7 `1 { f- Y/ A[答案] A 分词短语置于句首作表示身份的状语。它的逻辑主语即是句子的主语Annie Jump Cannon.
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3 |1 G) I$ S( M x2 Q3 ?(2) ------- in 1635, the Boston Latin School is the oldest public school in the United States .
2 J7 {- t% e+ Q2 e(A) Founded
9 q+ ?( F- ^0 V1 X(B) Founding
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(D) Having founded (92.1)
7 V, Q/ p2 W# _2 C4 T) y[答案] A 分词短语表示时间，其逻辑主语即是句子主语The Boston Latin School.
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3 e% p) [' I% c8 s; _& [(3) ------- the constitution of the Cherokee Nation provided for a chief executive, a senate, and a house of representatives.
, e2 p2 R, h8 i, |4 e2 `(A) In 1827 they drafted0 l6 K# y% \: v+ I# I- |; s
(B) The draft in 1827: f% D; }0 @$ p3 b
(C) In 1872 was drafted5 S# O) w8 m1 A) g/ G5 ^! W
(D) Drafted in 1827 (90.5)
: k6 U! n' u! u/ H' ?6 m7 Z( N[答案] D分词短语作状语，表示时间。此结构可扩展为一状语从句；where the constitution of the Cherokee Nation was drafted in 1827 it provided for a chief executive a senate, and a house of representatives.
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' H% \6 v8 z3 Q* m2 y 4. 现在分词表达主动的概念；过去分词表达被动的概念
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: h) ]1 a+ _& H) ^8 n! h9 }( p- L 全真例题分析来源：考试大
' z( x3 D+ u0 K& |6 [(1) Tudging to be the best boxer of his time, sugar Ray Robinson lost only 3 out of 137 fights (94.1)- k& q3 ?+ A# }+ L5 W: \
[答案] A 此分词短语与其逻辑上的主语sugar Ray Robinson 是被动的关系（Sugar was judged to be…) 故应用过去词Tudped to be.
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(2) During the Colonial days, the Iroquois had an agricultural economy basing mainly on corn with supplementary crops of pumpkins ,beans, and tobacco. (92.1)
5 U! w' p* O& Y' T8 v; G[答案] B通常我们说to be based on ，这个短语表示被动概念（基于，以…为基础），所以应改用过去分词based。( i7 Z" L8 Q- e1 B5 `7 Z0 ~
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(3) Per capita income is a nation*s entire income dividing by the number of people in the nation. (90.10)( V) @1 ~+ O) g* H) h# v. V5 X
[答案] B根据句意及分词dividing后面的介词by，可以推断这个分词短语表达的是被动的概念，因此，应用过去分词divided by。$ P- A# u8 O8 Y' D) c
) h3 v& r( |) {0 T/ B3 G5 u- S y(4) Clementine Hunter*s primitive paintings have been exhibited at various galleries. Included one at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington. D.C. (93.1)6 Q$ Q/ K- R) K
[答案] D 分词in cluded与其逻辑的主语paintings并无被动的关系，不应用过去分词，应改为惯用现在分词短语in cluding + 名词宾语的结构 |
发表于 2012-8-14 23:32:39
