托福语法指导－词性变化及真题要点解析

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　　词性混淆误用一直是TOEEL考题中最重要的命题形式。它与“基本句子结构”（本书要点之1）和“平行结构”（本书要点之4）组成TOEEL命题的三大焦点。有关词性混淆的试题主要集中在written Expression (16-40题）中，命题范围包括（1）并列结构中词性一致、（2）形容词与副词混淆、（3）形容词与名词混淆、（4）名词与动词混淆。其中，形容词用错的题型占此类命题的最大比例。

" E# J# e* }( J% O  M　　词性混淆常考题型及解题要点来源：考试大
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　　1. 并列连词and but or结构要求词性统一来源：考试大
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　　全真例题分析来源：考试大
(1) Bigness. Boastful. And strong. Frontiersman Mike Fink was the subject of many folk tales. (93.3)
! N4 O1 K0 F. M4 y8 ]4 q, k[答案] A 并列连词and连接三个形容词，故（A）Bigness应改为Big。

(2) The success of a naval ship is determined by its seaworthiness, speedy ,and maneuverability. (92.10)
( E) |. h; E% P[答案] D 并列连词and连接三个名词，而speed是形容词，故应改为speed。

(3) Regulation of public utilities in the United States is carried out by locally state and federal governments. (92.5)
[答案] D 并列连词and连接三个形容词性质的词，共同修饰后面的中心词governnenrfs 。而locally是副词，应改为local。来源：考试大

(4) In Middle Ages. Books called bestiaries were prepared in an attempt to describe animals, real or imagine, that exemplified human traits. (92.5)
$ o9 G6 O( I( [9 ?. w% F+ Y9 h- i[答案] B 并列连词or前面是形容词real。之后亦应是形容词imaginary。

3 V) V  @" G- U; G6 E7 H　　2. 形容词错用为副词来源：考试大
　　解题要点 形容词用来修饰说明名词或名词性成分的，而副词则可修饰除名词以外的所有词性及句子成分。来源：考试大

　　全真例题分析
( |5 k  P, Q8 v: B- ](1) Animal life on Prince Edward island is confined large to ducks. Pheasants. And rabbits (93.5)
& q+ Y5 ]' D. b4 Y# I5 C+ D" U[答案]C 修饰限定介词短语to ducks pheasants and rabbits 应用副词largely。
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(2) The General Sherman tree a giant sequoia in California, has grown to be the world*s largest plant at approximate 272 feet tall.
[答案] D 修饰说明数词（272）应用副词approximately。来源：考试大
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+ ~8 w( R: p0 ~* U3 r/ g6 C0 L(3) Because its body is supported by water, the blue whale can grow to a size considerable larger than any land mammal alive today. (93.8)
[答案] 修饰形容词短语larger than…应用副词形式considerably。
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(4) Once an important port of entry for immigrants to the United States. Island recent reopened its great hall s a museum of immigration. (92.8)
: ]7 @( ~; V3 N[答案] C 修饰整个句耶Ellis ls land reopened its great hall as a museum of immigration 应用副词recently，表示时间。来源：考试大
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(5) Because their properties differ from those of their constituents. Proper alloys can great increase the corrosion resistance of a metal.
[答案] C 修饰动increase 应用副词greatly。

会计考友

　　3. 以副词后缀－ly组成的副词错用为形容词来源：考试大
9 n: D# B' r, i/ |/ ^1 g　　解题要点 A、B、C、D四个选择答案中如果有以－ly形式构成的副词，应首先考虑它的词性是否正确，是否错用为形容词。来源：考试大

　　全真例题分析来源：考试大
(1) Parrots have heavily bodies and exceedingly strong legs. (93.8)
[答案] A 修饰名词应用形从词。Heavily 应改为heavy。来源：考试大

(2) The katydid a type of grasshopper is actively at night and rests motionless amid foliage during the day. (93.8)
[答案] B 改为形容词active，作表语。来源：考试大

& A  G8 I( m4 |1 [! j1 ](3) Although the unified states experienced rapidly growth in the first half of the nineteenth century ,it was still predominately concerned with agriculture and forestry (93.10)
[答案] A 修饰名词应用形容词rapid growth。
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- C) N4 E7 h% x) Q' T! }( a(4) Although they are in different countries, Windsor. Ontario and Detroit, Michigan are close neighbors and cooperate on numerous matters of mutually interest. (91.5)
7 R- |  J- b. U% h[答案] D 改为mutual interest。来源：考试大
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　　4. 以名词后缀- tion ,- sion 组成的名词错用为动词来源：考试大
! \$ S6 R( t( V( v8 W0 Y9 L　　解题要点 A、B、C、D四个选择答案中出现以－tion, -sion形式构成的名词，应首先考虑它的词性是否正确，是否错用为动词。来源：考试大
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　　全真例题分析来源：考试大
7 |+ J4 y- u9 {0 U! g2 E, p+ c(1) The work *saga* is often application to any narration of events of the past, whether mythical or historical in character. (92.10)
7 P: e2 z- R: K: d0 }7 `[答案] A application应改为applied，作谓语动词的被动语态。
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# {' M3 p+ y# ?(2) Administrative assistants are often expected to make decisions, supervision staff, delegate responsibility, and work harmoniously with managers and fellow cmployces. (92.100
[答案] B supervision 改为动词原形supervise与后面名词组成动宾结构。
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: v/ g! \7 |5 R3 `. n' D5 j- X1 u5 ?(3) Fascination by the promise of the internal engine and its application to a self-propelled vehicle, Henly Ford constructed a one-cylinder gasoline motor in 1892. (93.10)
[答案] A Fascination 改为Fascinated, 与后面的by 组成过去分词短语作状语。

(4) From 1872 to, Alice Elvira Freeman was Dean of Women at the newly foundation University of Chicago. (93.8)
[答案] D foundation 改为founded 过去分词作定语，修饰University of Chicago

8 ]/ E: `, y0 y' u& m. x　　5. 由表示词性的后缀- fur ,-tie -enc., -ent,-tive都很可能是此题的考试焦点
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0 K* J6 V& ~8 V: H; u　　全真例题分析来源：考试大
(1) Few theories are originality enough to be called unique. (92.10)
5 m4 k; b# k3 E4 s5 H8 Z[答案] C 名词originality应改为形容词original 作表语。

, H' z+ r5 k9 `. ^* m9 {1 \(2) Height, powerful and speed are attributes that coaches often look for in basketball players. (93.8)
% i* Y+ ]6 F6 h* t[答案] A 形容词powerful应改为名词power，与height和speed并列。

) s; x0 ], d6 v* b. v) U(3) A major purpose of scientific analysts is to idenufy and examine causal connections between independent and dependence variables. (93.1)
# a9 a7 a" ], u% ~1 H. u[答案] D 名词dependence 应改为形容词dependent, 用来修饰后面的名词variables。

(4) A deficient of folic acid is rarely found in humans because the vitamin is contained in a wide variety of foods. (92.8)
" G5 o, ?" h/ x4 F! g2 v) [[答案]A 形容词deficient改为名词deficiency。作主语。来源：考试大

(5) In nature, the distributive of plants is obviously related to climate. (90.8)
[答案] B 形容词distributive 改为名词distribution ，用主语。来源：考试大

(6) A foreign exchange rate is a price that reflects the relative supply and demand of difference currencies. (93.5)
[答案] D 名词difference改为形容词different，修饰后面的名词。