托福语法指导－词性变化及真题要点解析

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　　词性混淆误用一直是TOEEL考题中最重要的命题形式。它与“基本句子结构”（本书要点之1）和“平行结构”（本书要点之4）组成TOEEL命题的三大焦点。有关词性混淆的试题主要集中在written Expression (16-40题）中，命题范围包括（1）并列结构中词性一致、（2）形容词与副词混淆、（3）形容词与名词混淆、（4）名词与动词混淆。其中，形容词用错的题型占此类命题的最大比例。
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: J6 [- w4 d/ j( S' ]+ `　　词性混淆常考题型及解题要点来源：考试大
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& z2 ?8 a1 u: d5 A+ X% G1 C　　1. 并列连词and but or结构要求词性统一来源：考试大
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/ x- D) P- f+ C$ [% ~) X/ e; E$ ~7 F' t　　全真例题分析来源：考试大
3 l4 a( y" X3 l  J(1) Bigness. Boastful. And strong. Frontiersman Mike Fink was the subject of many folk tales. (93.3)
[答案] A 并列连词and连接三个形容词，故（A）Bigness应改为Big。

9 x. Q* \! ~2 p8 s, Y(2) The success of a naval ship is determined by its seaworthiness, speedy ,and maneuverability. (92.10)
[答案] D 并列连词and连接三个名词，而speed是形容词，故应改为speed。

" l8 s. O1 \" {/ ~5 l+ Y5 }- p(3) Regulation of public utilities in the United States is carried out by locally state and federal governments. (92.5)
5 z8 A, q& ]8 G: {[答案] D 并列连词and连接三个形容词性质的词，共同修饰后面的中心词governnenrfs 。而locally是副词，应改为local。来源：考试大

( C/ G+ z" X3 W3 o(4) In Middle Ages. Books called bestiaries were prepared in an attempt to describe animals, real or imagine, that exemplified human traits. (92.5)
[答案] B 并列连词or前面是形容词real。之后亦应是形容词imaginary。

　　2. 形容词错用为副词来源：考试大
' D7 D5 R8 [- J* f4 g: x$ z　　解题要点 形容词用来修饰说明名词或名词性成分的，而副词则可修饰除名词以外的所有词性及句子成分。来源：考试大
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* Q. ]' h- P/ F　　全真例题分析
" I! D! G4 t/ ~+ T* |6 b(1) Animal life on Prince Edward island is confined large to ducks. Pheasants. And rabbits (93.5)
; I: {4 M! A! j6 n[答案]C 修饰限定介词短语to ducks pheasants and rabbits 应用副词largely。

. Y. N# E: t- z& d. l" z% j(2) The General Sherman tree a giant sequoia in California, has grown to be the world*s largest plant at approximate 272 feet tall.
( H0 k8 V& ^* j! ^7 l( ^& i1 A[答案] D 修饰说明数词（272）应用副词approximately。来源：考试大
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(3) Because its body is supported by water, the blue whale can grow to a size considerable larger than any land mammal alive today. (93.8)
# O5 T2 s+ R+ X$ H+ d" e[答案] 修饰形容词短语larger than…应用副词形式considerably。

(4) Once an important port of entry for immigrants to the United States. Island recent reopened its great hall s a museum of immigration. (92.8)
% H. b  e  F  N' q[答案] C 修饰整个句耶Ellis ls land reopened its great hall as a museum of immigration 应用副词recently，表示时间。来源：考试大

5 o' J" ~9 w7 `6 m  q(5) Because their properties differ from those of their constituents. Proper alloys can great increase the corrosion resistance of a metal.
2 ~7 a6 J+ o2 d% O[答案] C 修饰动increase 应用副词greatly。

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　　3. 以副词后缀－ly组成的副词错用为形容词来源：考试大
: g" d; s6 o2 k' H" B0 l% \　　解题要点 A、B、C、D四个选择答案中如果有以－ly形式构成的副词，应首先考虑它的词性是否正确，是否错用为形容词。来源：考试大

　　全真例题分析来源：考试大
0 {% u, |4 z$ N" A( l0 ^; k1 ?(1) Parrots have heavily bodies and exceedingly strong legs. (93.8)
[答案] A 修饰名词应用形从词。Heavily 应改为heavy。来源：考试大
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: I, x+ _' y1 g* q+ R/ y(2) The katydid a type of grasshopper is actively at night and rests motionless amid foliage during the day. (93.8)
[答案] B 改为形容词active，作表语。来源：考试大
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8 S' R& C! i5 ^, r* @. m(3) Although the unified states experienced rapidly growth in the first half of the nineteenth century ,it was still predominately concerned with agriculture and forestry (93.10)
) r' ~9 }* d  S* C$ E$ |2 }% c[答案] A 修饰名词应用形容词rapid growth。
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. V6 _; M  h- V$ \4 W(4) Although they are in different countries, Windsor. Ontario and Detroit, Michigan are close neighbors and cooperate on numerous matters of mutually interest. (91.5)
5 s2 q& ]! W3 K3 W+ J  Y[答案] D 改为mutual interest。来源：考试大
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; O# \0 i% c, n0 @1 c% n1 t5 R　　4. 以名词后缀- tion ,- sion 组成的名词错用为动词来源：考试大
　　解题要点 A、B、C、D四个选择答案中出现以－tion, -sion形式构成的名词，应首先考虑它的词性是否正确，是否错用为动词。来源：考试大
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8 z. Y% W' O% [　　全真例题分析来源：考试大
3 m5 I, `7 z1 E9 |# g(1) The work *saga* is often application to any narration of events of the past, whether mythical or historical in character. (92.10)
[答案] A application应改为applied，作谓语动词的被动语态。

. M1 H4 ?7 K! L, F# l% z(2) Administrative assistants are often expected to make decisions, supervision staff, delegate responsibility, and work harmoniously with managers and fellow cmployces. (92.100
[答案] B supervision 改为动词原形supervise与后面名词组成动宾结构。

% X$ _3 ^! u( Y2 q( G' h; |( x( h# d(3) Fascination by the promise of the internal engine and its application to a self-propelled vehicle, Henly Ford constructed a one-cylinder gasoline motor in 1892. (93.10)
+ I% T" W$ T+ J5 y[答案] A Fascination 改为Fascinated, 与后面的by 组成过去分词短语作状语。
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(4) From 1872 to, Alice Elvira Freeman was Dean of Women at the newly foundation University of Chicago. (93.8)
[答案] D foundation 改为founded 过去分词作定语，修饰University of Chicago
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0 x3 E* y' v- X  `' P　　5. 由表示词性的后缀- fur ,-tie -enc., -ent,-tive都很可能是此题的考试焦点

+ p& {% j  {& _9 ^' r1 v; I　　全真例题分析来源：考试大
' A$ l* `7 e7 S0 i. x1 ?(1) Few theories are originality enough to be called unique. (92.10)
% `/ P! o& z9 O8 [- X! Q[答案] C 名词originality应改为形容词original 作表语。
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# h( s/ ~2 B( I1 y7 n0 i(2) Height, powerful and speed are attributes that coaches often look for in basketball players. (93.8)
[答案] A 形容词powerful应改为名词power，与height和speed并列。
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+ r4 G5 o; `( Q9 p+ ^# E3 r(3) A major purpose of scientific analysts is to idenufy and examine causal connections between independent and dependence variables. (93.1)
- Y4 Y* X! D% ?% o( h) d7 _[答案] D 名词dependence 应改为形容词dependent, 用来修饰后面的名词variables。

% t; l( B* F3 J7 T' B) S5 E(4) A deficient of folic acid is rarely found in humans because the vitamin is contained in a wide variety of foods. (92.8)
[答案]A 形容词deficient改为名词deficiency。作主语。来源：考试大

(5) In nature, the distributive of plants is obviously related to climate. (90.8)
[答案] B 形容词distributive 改为名词distribution ，用主语。来源：考试大
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, e; }% l. C# M; |8 j(6) A foreign exchange rate is a price that reflects the relative supply and demand of difference currencies. (93.5)
[答案] D 名词difference改为形容词different，修饰后面的名词。