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[托福语法] 托福语法笔记之改错--非谓语动词

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发表于 2012-8-14 23:32:39 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  一、现分与过分的区别 , m: @* _' i( ?
     现分      过分      考与不考备注
9 r5 l+ F, x  F2 G3 @$ ^    ------------------------- % Y& Q% h( a) f
     主动      被动      90%(后置定语,状) - l7 t5 {: x- X  c! E: |! m
     进行      完成      10%(前置定语) 8 ?. Q; }* g1 [. O7 S% O' P" I
 ┗┏┃    动作      状态      不考 3 ^( R, Q% [% t3 [3 |6 P
   ┏ a retired general
7 y2 f$ ~" ~) C┗ a retirign general 错 * Y; S6 \* n7 ]! Q! r
   ┏ a fallen fruit 在地下 9 N8 q( s2 n3 c/ z
┗ a falling fruit    正在掉 3 p) _4 q: m/ m) g
二、现在分词与过去分词的用法
( a5 x1 K* ~) Z5 m- K  1. 用于名词后作后置定语,等同于定语从句,只考虑主被动 % K* @0 E$ s; D) _2 l
    Indians who lived in
7 F5 d% v  V& t6 [3 ~% r( _~~~~~~~~~~~~=living " W: G, d4 N' ?1 n& \. Q
    分词=从句
/ n* ~5 l; I5 o% b( q, o2. 用于句首,句末作状语,只考虑主被动   j) D, u! A. B! s4 S% u) W
    非此即彼 ┏included in/by 7 W, l! j8 T1 d6 p  n
         ┗including 分,prep
2 W. e( O4 N& T+ ], M         ┏involved in " ^) l+ i/ m$ o& `/ m
         ┗involving   ]$ o, Y  h6 E& F- L9 r6 c: p% L
3. 常考的接doing的词
. f" v& b4 c/ X0 u& A/ ~    enjoy , finish, celebrate, suggest, advocate, forgive, - E1 W; T% O# h/ Q/ h
mind, avoid, escape, tolerate, delay, quit
+ Y' s2 y8 m  P% S2 o/ Bspend ... (in) doing ) Z, b1 R6 D# L0 I
have difficulty/trouble/a problem/a hard time (in) doing 5 m6 \) y4 ~+ N& n. {6 g
三、动词不定式的省略用法 : F4 a+ I  u2 J# B5 q9 ?
  1. ┏help to do = help do 可省可不省 ) B7 e6 a. ^& J0 p! G0 o
    ┗help sb to do = help sb do + P8 S* F- w, o# B- T( W- O+ t
  2. 使役动词必省to
$ n4 @4 J$ J& ~/ ]/ h: Llet sb do ; make sb do; have sb do ; bid sb do
) e' o, t4 v' y" t9 k- _have sth done , v  n& Y' e8 T4 E% B  F$ p
3. 关于感观动词
2 u0 ?, R4 W$ }* }3 w    see, hear, notice, feel, watch
6 U1 {# g2 w7 l3 @3 w必须省to
! G& Q3 Z: |2 z7 E% H┏see sb do 看见整个过程 / V3 p+ V$ s, ^% A
   ┗see sb doing  看见动作正在进行 ; b2 r* t5 Y( _6 |) _
    改被动后to 要加回来 * n% Z% f, v5 R% O
  ┏be seen to do
* {* V2 H! B- r" e2 f, I3 \  |8 R. y   ┗be seen doing
6 b4 J7 S* i; Z四、动词不定式的固定用法 5 I7 o: G* j, i" w7 U9 N6 c+ F
  1. 第一“人”
* ]" t- L% n2 ^3 E3 E0 W* \    the first (sb) to do
& a, I; s2 U" k: l& L2. 表“迫使”的动词
. b7 E. v& ?$ ]; Y, x1 C( m    allow sb to do allow sth
8 H3 J+ g  w$ R1 j: ?+ Opermit sb to do permit sth 3 N' r, M5 [9 f+ a( y) k
enable sb to do enable sth
" \( }4 d/ i1 L; @0 a0 t; o& z' Rcause sb to do cause sth 0 v& C5 p$ @$ J# D& w8 X
force sb to do force sth $ |# C% f' A! Z  Q8 ]
3. 表“倾向”的adj./V
& {% ~& g& E4 ]: O' f! x5 _' Atend to do   n% H6 u1 q9 [  g- ?' p) y
attemp to do 4 o  A( w8 L8 q7 W5 q, D; z
be (more) likely to do
, y" ~  {/ r6 W/ E8 Jthat + 句子 ( @  w' R5 c- P
    be inclined to do 2 `, x' u/ L9 p
be apt to do
/ w2 M4 w2 ?1 d; I; j2 vbe liable to do , N* w/ I7 q! f. o
4. 表“目的”的名词 5 W  a4 ^4 ]- U* Q- W6 k
    The function + of sth. + is to do sth. ) \' X$ j' R3 q9 Z7 S: f
function, goal, purpose, aim, objective, reason, intention
6 X; H) `( O9 C& D5.与接不定式的V或adj. 同词根的名词也接不定式
# V# g0 m. P& w4 Y; S    be able to do -> ability to do 5 {7 x( u$ ]# y" ?
enable sb to do
0 L% y8 W, q' A0 S  tdecide to do -> decision to do $ v6 {2 X1 X1 t9 w, P$ L/ Y
be ambitious to do -> ambition to do - o0 q: D1 G5 q3 d) o
try to do -> make great efforts to do 4 Q; J9 u" z9 {8 s1 R+ p
attempt(v.) to do -> attempt(n.) to do 4 S+ a& V% M: ^! p
五、动词不定式的其它形式
8 s+ l. d! R. W! [- ]- p3 j  1. 动词不定式的将来式
& X  b; ?' n. E6 K    主动:be to do
  P% k! a( l* G! y6 o5 l( q" o被动:be to be done
, p$ ]! [! c# b; K9 @) t9 v9 s' `表示预计要发生或按计划要发生的事情
0 {3 J" t5 B$ _' F7 h    China is to be one of the most important contries in the world. 5 J; L0 }2 P. V9 L6 u- ]
被动式与过去分词的区别  
6 [# v. m7 T6 [* Q/ u) m7 j$ K% F2 Wthe surfaces to be glued
! t) {( |. O+ m, }8 C( nthe surfaces glued
( U0 q2 f8 p5 Z4 i( }2. 动词不定式的完成时
: ?7 e/ A% u+ u/ G5 }  \% R    主动  to have done 1 q3 @- A- c# I7 t) P5 T' O
被动  to have been done
( s) U8 r, H6 j3 w" f, {" @  表示不定式的动作发生在谓语之前
; y- S2 _, a8 j1 E    I’m glad to have seen your son yesterday.
. a0 }2 I+ N' j3. 某些adj. 后主动表被动   z& w* ]# J/ a4 Y  O$ l8 o
    This plas is difficult to come out # b' D0 m0 R( T; r: p
easy 3 G; `+ n$ x/ w$ X
hard
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