一、现分与过分的区别
1 f) a( B4 w; B# e 现分 过分 考与不考备注 $ N t: n2 y6 K3 x+ q4 n3 w8 l
------------------------- 7 \9 d; n! Q6 Y9 Z/ z6 {
主动 被动 90%(后置定语,状) * h, @7 @2 z8 p) d3 |
进行 完成 10%(前置定语)
& ^, [" D* ^7 n% b$ Q ┗┏┃ 动作 状态 不考
! G4 r) s! c d3 C ┏ a retired general + y( h& w, f. r3 q+ r1 D/ L1 H
┗ a retirign general 错
: n% R5 L. [5 ]* I- {3 U ┏ a fallen fruit 在地下
, a7 Y2 w2 D; }; y0 h7 J┗ a falling fruit 正在掉
3 O+ B6 M8 o7 b, f# Y+ R3 ?9 e二、现在分词与过去分词的用法
2 c2 C5 g7 S2 M$ t9 O; b 1. 用于名词后作后置定语,等同于定语从句,只考虑主被动 6 \1 F0 o; {: g ~
Indians who lived in 3 B1 Q. U- G, H* V
~~~~~~~~~~~~=living
/ v6 X* b* A. D 分词=从句
! L% O) U3 z9 Q, l7 s: d& \: J4 j2. 用于句首,句末作状语,只考虑主被动
; h2 g5 V. n* j! _' s5 e$ ^; X9 R; d( s 非此即彼 ┏included in/by
% F, K4 x/ a1 K ┗including 分,prep , m5 A' j. M8 Q+ ^; D3 j: y
┏involved in
4 e( c0 j' _2 ?+ | ┗involving
" a6 I# z% `* t7 @2 _3 s3. 常考的接doing的词 ' ]# P& h; x/ t% e0 ~4 G
enjoy , finish, celebrate, suggest, advocate, forgive, ' _' w( J, t, d
mind, avoid, escape, tolerate, delay, quit , f9 J) x; `7 b; H" q R% P8 I5 L6 Y
spend ... (in) doing
0 |, Z+ N: l/ u2 ^) d- rhave difficulty/trouble/a problem/a hard time (in) doing
: K `, Z: m2 j2 M) u三、动词不定式的省略用法
; b4 O0 O; H" p' H2 J+ p 1. ┏help to do = help do 可省可不省
# e7 G* r1 a2 G$ G& m ┗help sb to do = help sb do . X2 T8 d! g3 ]$ @: a }
2. 使役动词必省to 2 w: c8 B! T6 s
let sb do ; make sb do; have sb do ; bid sb do 3 w- Q7 |7 r4 Q: t0 S' D8 c* S
have sth done 0 B, R2 c M) V4 m/ @
3. 关于感观动词
$ G& K+ |) y3 J" W0 C* V: e4 Q$ ] see, hear, notice, feel, watch 5 c/ L r6 X1 m3 i, i
必须省to I- Y: e9 L1 c4 C1 @/ r* I
┏see sb do 看见整个过程 5 v+ P5 f4 ?+ G# ^3 P1 ?- e
┗see sb doing 看见动作正在进行 : Z( |2 g$ g; N0 u: u/ k- Y7 A$ u
改被动后to 要加回来
6 }' V% C. r3 ~2 W! ~ ┏be seen to do
8 G( t0 f& `! w) z$ ` ┗be seen doing
* O+ E7 v# b' ?0 j! {四、动词不定式的固定用法
7 D7 A8 S4 A6 D) Z8 Y4 h9 U 1. 第一“人” 8 t! z' h( B! l& T5 l. ~8 ^
the first (sb) to do
9 A7 ~) G" u& V7 Z( i& W- q! F& W& y& v% F2. 表“迫使”的动词
) r: U( ~: W# M7 p* R allow sb to do allow sth 9 v( K: v1 r ?6 [2 Y$ A
permit sb to do permit sth ! ]2 \2 C- h `/ G, g, g: t
enable sb to do enable sth . @7 K- r; y: j% k* C" g! W
cause sb to do cause sth
4 S& T9 G" o7 v% V0 P6 ]force sb to do force sth
$ S3 `; b) s1 T- D3. 表“倾向”的adj./V
. W) S6 J4 |3 R% k6 _/ Dtend to do S# ?( T! O" ]" D. p
attemp to do 5 e& O6 X7 n0 p5 ~
be (more) likely to do & W" H; T* V0 o% l/ i0 c% _! e
that + 句子
7 `4 g# H! ?* l1 W, D$ T6 h' Y( x6 n be inclined to do
6 f( a1 T* }% h9 Z. h- A2 ybe apt to do
( K& M9 d2 q& wbe liable to do : U: N/ a; M" ]8 U! f9 F' _
4. 表“目的”的名词 " P( S3 |- x& Q! C5 h) l
The function + of sth. + is to do sth.
. _7 o9 r7 K# b! \$ K) lfunction, goal, purpose, aim, objective, reason, intention
# f: n4 N v: T& l; h5 X: L" p) x5.与接不定式的V或adj. 同词根的名词也接不定式
: {$ S5 K$ a( _" a: ?, i be able to do -> ability to do
2 t5 Z, U! H ]. ~# e p$ I% a* h1 Wenable sb to do
, ~: H: w/ Z4 u* Q4 R7 D8 Xdecide to do -> decision to do + Q7 f1 g" K# b
be ambitious to do -> ambition to do + Z! r: S# @- v* F/ X2 l
try to do -> make great efforts to do
4 s. C' F* s6 U- X/ F& @. Yattempt(v.) to do -> attempt(n.) to do ! |' R' q* i$ ~: c: D
五、动词不定式的其它形式
( G( c% y( [+ @- e7 | 1. 动词不定式的将来式
- P# N4 ], u5 p3 {3 D 主动:be to do
, t' s' F, B, |; }被动:be to be done
: r7 p Q( O4 `+ R- b# @+ W) F! N/ e表示预计要发生或按计划要发生的事情 ( B8 q9 @' f! E3 G6 \! N& r
China is to be one of the most important contries in the world. 9 [0 Y/ K+ G9 P# q2 O/ h- J
被动式与过去分词的区别
: N! y8 [2 H2 K) ?% }! w: z6 ^the surfaces to be glued
5 L" P# W5 `: j+ P( e- Vthe surfaces glued $ H9 e' I! C" K+ j
2. 动词不定式的完成时 7 N7 \8 Y$ U6 }) B: b( n: Y3 n, ^
主动 to have done / l. z$ ]9 X& R4 Z3 [1 U
被动 to have been done
* r! Q" N; b0 K7 ]3 u+ j3 d 表示不定式的动作发生在谓语之前
5 E I1 V; y( \ I’m glad to have seen your son yesterday.
% M2 P3 Y* R" C; ?) m$ Q; ]0 {8 }$ B3. 某些adj. 后主动表被动
, ^& ?, n4 H9 [8 ]1 z2 b This plas is difficult to come out
n y' K" S5 M% R( S+ Measy ( B. T# }: w! E. l
hard |