一、主谓一致 1 G1 D/ n. s9 g! @
1. 主谓的分隔原则 1 f7 X" i* A4 i7 @3 c/ H- H
S, ---,VO
/ Q$ ?0 z% }" P/ B主谓之间可以用定从及省略形式的定从分隔
& _4 c' M% Z2 ^* 主谓一致与主语同位语无关
. g( B& Z$ ?* j- p" {2. 定语从句中的主谓一致
6 K7 @2 s' N) k! F...noun.+that/which+V 0 k0 K# _5 q8 c0 A6 Z. f. }
* that, which并不反映单复数 2 q0 P. R1 S; N
one of 复n + that/which + 复V
0 o. a- O( z5 {- g& P9 V/ Athe only one of 复n + that/which + 单V 2 i4 I# ~8 s5 R' F6 T9 U
3. 随前一致
; B8 t& r- w" w4 otogether with, as well as, with, including, of
6 F8 M4 x5 K' R5 x4. 随后一致 # ?0 L8 c2 _( A$ [
not 单n. but 复n. + 复V
, I) H/ O. v, ^- Z! j4 `) s- znot noly 单n. but also 复n. + 复V
% Z* p# R+ ^# I+ L7 J. w. e5. 就近一致 1 H- q+ T8 C7 q
单n. or 复n.
) n, Y* Z. x8 x" w3 ?either 单n. or 复n.
* t/ P6 W* S. m Q% Y+ ?8 pneither 单n. nor 复n. , Y7 `: M( [! O7 K8 ^7 a2 {
is he or we... 对
& `3 {, M! {- t7 Whe or we are... 对 $ r; \# p U/ e+ Z3 e- ?( o
6. 可数名词and可数名词+复数动词 3 w$ `* ]( m. ^$ A" Y9 ?4 Q. C
不可数名词and不可数名词+复数动词 / n" d! f0 X; _7 x
例外：war and peace is/was - n7 k3 f, Z; v2 h( X, n& m# B; v# U! h
black and white is/was
& T2 m8 z/ `' }! a5 k+ o- n: Qbread and butter is/was - A. p* v4 h2 b7 U4 K/ Z4 Q" O
to love and to be loved is/was
& s- ~0 y( q; a- P- V7. 百分比结构 ( Y1 r2 N: f; C: q
most, rest, half, majority, some, 50 percent, one percent
! l& n4 K4 l- ^: X! M__+of+n.+V 由名词决定动词的单复数
: E6 L1 ~. _! t6 n% D8. 倒装句中的主谓一致
, ]9 v0 L- B/ i$ |. r4 r+ v9 BThere be...
# s! h$ W- k! ?/ abetween , among 等介词位于句首，即引起倒装 6 F# z1 l( v2 u, L$ }2 {
Between ...+ be + noun. ! q3 x, Y* O% f8 {
Among...+ be + noun.
, q8 t" n9 {" m) j主 + 系 + 表
% t* d, W5 a6 V+ \主系关系要一致，系表关系可以不一致 % e4 k1 ?3 T1 c% l: ]. V" E0 b
9. The+ adj. 6 `# S/ L% B. v& }
a. 表示“一类人”用复数V # b- i9 @7 t7 ~/ {8 X+ H5 `
The rich are ridiculous
* X8 F( c8 \1 [9 @: c" Nb. 表示某一抽象概念 ) H$ g$ U% m; k1 }/ z
The good is attractive
8 ?9 l, d* {1 i: \* c! ^0 L5 c10. one of + 复数noun. + 单V 2 c+ [4 J2 \& K
more than one 单数noun. + 单数V + K9 Y8 s+ v) v
many a + 单noun. + 单V 0 D. ?! b' _' V" m5 p
a + 单noun. or + two + 单V: a day or two
# X3 _% N; Y. L* R- l* J5 `news 单数 measles 不可数 7 u- F0 s! p5 `' [$ L# |" A, t1 Z
the series 用is/are从上下文得出 1 k3 A- t }$ Q- v0 s5 v6 b
二、时态 0 s2 E D- W" C+ `5 o% G: V
1. in + 过去某一时间，用一般现在时
6 Y, S* }; D2 n# c3 d2. befort+ 过去年份，用过去完成时
x3 T+ m6 `5 o6 i3. for/since:
% C& `3 o- q. S; N, p: ]/ M, ifor后跟时间段，可用现在完成和一般过去时
2 d/ Q* S6 M, \1 f: xsince 后跟时间点，只能跟现在完成时 3 ?" |* X5 D" ~! G- W( S: ~
I have been a teacher for 3 years. 9 N0 V0 G5 x4 R$ L0 h
I have been a teacher since 1996. ' |$ L3 X E$ m9 v o# S
I was a teacher for 3 years. + Y7 i. m+ s; B8 c! G4 b
4. 自然现象、真理描述用一般现在时
7 H! b" a' ~9 @时态：现在完成时和一般过去时混用 ) S! n! H" M' W# B
一般现在时和一般过去时混用
0 b/ ~* C! @( u& n" B- t三、语态 考主被的混用
6 V. c* }5 q( ~. E 一个证明，二个位于，三个需要，四个情感
5 a" F% N( D- l9 K1 q3 i 1. 证明：prove(vi) + to be + n./adj.
! H: \# F8 P, k, t: w4 U+ dprove(vt) + sth./that +句子
4 o+ A S+ w" o9 @/ k7 s8 s my advice rpoved to be wrong $ C2 I' V0 }( x( a' d/ ^+ T
2. 位于：locate永远考被动
( m$ J% d% y! l- s0 h8 Q situate 主动：把...放置;确定位置 . W8 | q" |% S s4 c4 n$ O
被动：位于 , M5 S# N" S5 D) g& x8 B
3. 需要：need, want, require
1 {* W6 _9 X \! g┏ 情态动词＋动原 * \+ t3 X5 I* R" u" A
┃ ┏ doing
/ Q7 ^2 y* p9 L9 Z4 f need ┃ 实义动词 ┃ to do ...一般
, x9 Q% X( K/ [( U0 R6 ?4 g V┃ ┗ to be done " A7 _; S1 T, b& M0 V n
┗ n.词 $ j" h7 i5 Q% }# o. U1 J
My watch need┏ repairing. 主动表被动
7 j; m' Q! B# L+ x# [; F ┗ to be repaired.
2 j9 P! W: X( H. B4 crequire┏ to be done
8 M, B2 I4 [* Fwant ┗ doing , s, O; G! r" ]# |* c; B
4. 情感：please, annoy, surprise, move 9 e+ t* Z6 F( b t' I
I am pleased. 主语高兴
4 _$ B/ d+ ?( { The news is pleasing. 令人高兴 5 y# F) V. t1 N
使...高兴（心烦、惊讶、感动）
$ L0 M) H1 J% K" h5 p! R Franklin is so moved.
- v; Q5 x8 K! @4 q1 O! E3 EThe story is so moving. |
发表于 2012-8-14 23:32:39
