一、主谓一致 # F' M6 o4 q+ D, x8 X% }2 X
1. 主谓的分隔原则
# O5 i6 |6 g6 M$ }& x3 o9 }: QS, ---,VO
, [. x5 V. L7 i( ~ P主谓之间可以用定从及省略形式的定从分隔
* w. t- q5 S! y0 x# Z- C: M+ |; j6 w* 主谓一致与主语同位语无关 3 V1 A% t* c# M" m! j* M$ d* I
2. 定语从句中的主谓一致
* F o$ d) S+ A7 e* F2 c...noun.+that/which+V
# d" e3 I% V/ [; j7 i* that, which并不反映单复数
% f2 n/ e* S( q0 Cone of 复n + that/which + 复V 6 H' F, S6 Q* M* p
the only one of 复n + that/which + 单V
4 e9 Y. m. _+ K! | s3 @( r4 P3. 随前一致
( u+ J* o. b9 \0 h2 rtogether with, as well as, with, including, of ' J. y e7 [# W/ E1 _
4. 随后一致
9 e0 K A7 ]' ?0 Z8 Z- k5 [not 单n. but 复n. + 复V
8 h2 ?9 ]: [$ y W0 Bnot noly 单n. but also 复n. + 复V , T/ B- _( S" O4 ]( l+ Z! @
5. 就近一致 ' a! T) u. s2 N+ J9 ]9 R/ F6 ?
单n. or 复n. * s, l- h/ t! O
either 单n. or 复n. 0 r6 F9 k$ D# t
neither 单n. nor 复n. 0 V$ S/ h# ?) b! Y- `) |% t h
is he or we... 对
4 I/ Q$ I6 b$ |' N; t& Xhe or we are... 对 3 [: H; a; ]& K0 }, [7 p
6. 可数名词and可数名词+复数动词 1 ?( p2 \4 C4 ]8 p4 C' A
不可数名词and不可数名词+复数动词
9 F, a/ S N! F9 ^% h0 f0 `+ J例外：war and peace is/was
7 D! E+ y' b4 y% m' F# ~black and white is/was % i) S! o8 o9 g4 N1 J
bread and butter is/was
0 `0 s; `2 Y( V2 a7 [1 hto love and to be loved is/was * X8 m8 ]5 B; }4 u% B
7. 百分比结构 2 x4 s, ^* U, ~& u
most, rest, half, majority, some, 50 percent, one percent . O! M6 V9 i, ?8 f/ O
__+of+n.+V 由名词决定动词的单复数 ( W9 `7 S: Y/ f
8. 倒装句中的主谓一致 3 A/ P) ~! S0 N4 p; N2 p/ I
There be...
6 x; Q8 J! T% |' d5 R3 ^between , among 等介词位于句首，即引起倒装 + d% |3 r% A& B9 W& {7 {
Between ...+ be + noun.
; m# j. t* e' Q: Q8 I, T% E$ ]Among...+ be + noun.
% u* c+ }. S; M3 J) u0 H3 B, w主 + 系 + 表 / N. \# s4 X3 F' f8 q4 v5 X+ c, m
主系关系要一致，系表关系可以不一致 # F9 v% G: A k* B
9. The+ adj.
8 K6 ]7 c9 F# c- S Ja. 表示“一类人”用复数V : u+ W* S9 Y" X
The rich are ridiculous & Z4 ?: W' G3 _
b. 表示某一抽象概念
" `% x" Q: g* u1 Y4 U9 X" hThe good is attractive ; g3 M$ q( ^0 R3 B; L& J; P
10. one of + 复数noun. + 单V 0 c+ n; d0 b c- ^$ Q
more than one 单数noun. + 单数V 8 o+ l0 _9 k& Y% I9 F: u
many a + 单noun. + 单V 9 O- o1 w' L8 [$ `' H! Q( M
a + 单noun. or + two + 单V: a day or two
* ?4 ?% }% }) _& Rnews 单数 measles 不可数
2 z# _: X: a+ |, R% p5 p2 M; n5 E, Ythe series 用is/are从上下文得出
2 w% u; n* V' Z) _, f( L2 X' K7 M二、时态 . T' d% a! t, K, }( X2 \4 J
1. in + 过去某一时间，用一般现在时
! n: B/ H/ g+ J; [# E; M# s* V2. befort+ 过去年份，用过去完成时
# Z# a% G! n* m9 D3 Z' U3. for/since:
& m$ q$ q+ y$ E; Ofor后跟时间段，可用现在完成和一般过去时 - Q( y! w8 N$ n/ X0 v. R+ a% Q6 y
since 后跟时间点，只能跟现在完成时
; Q: x' \0 i3 @: V) K7 oI have been a teacher for 3 years.
7 u+ P2 i8 Z( f2 M; T: AI have been a teacher since 1996. # k+ q" Q$ x9 p) r4 w& {" f! D" R
I was a teacher for 3 years. / Y8 d0 [8 }8 W* o2 i7 E
4. 自然现象、真理描述用一般现在时 * a+ j$ G8 H1 r% h( [" V
时态：现在完成时和一般过去时混用
6 ^3 ^3 U! n/ e 一般现在时和一般过去时混用 : Q$ i2 i& Z) s. M
三、语态 考主被的混用 1 U# S+ P1 M5 _7 ?( `- _
一个证明，二个位于，三个需要，四个情感 ; `5 f' R6 H- e& i5 v& G3 v1 Z
1. 证明：prove(vi) + to be + n./adj.
! W7 H5 Y' I3 y9 S5 w* r1 Kprove(vt) + sth./that +句子
3 I: U2 h0 G0 ^& l* m my advice rpoved to be wrong 0 m# m) X! R' [- Q- q3 c+ s- K A
2. 位于：locate永远考被动 7 X3 G4 H0 Z7 \- w n3 x& a# O
situate 主动：把...放置;确定位置
! h3 w- E; @" }3 S D+ I9 F9 x 被动：位于
7 _6 y* c% K8 M {/ A 3. 需要：need, want, require
8 E& ?1 ?* D% b┏ 情态动词＋动原 * I- m! i& k5 Y' m" O
┃ ┏ doing - ^6 w6 I# R/ S- h
need ┃ 实义动词 ┃ to do ...一般 - t* F) a' z2 M. ^0 j5 J8 K0 b
┃ ┗ to be done 6 U5 ?2 D; d0 t5 [1 T
┗ n.词
8 g* i5 t+ m! R+ B My watch need┏ repairing. 主动表被动 . X) Z( y6 b( G# O1 ]. [
┗ to be repaired.
" E" v6 Y6 t9 u+ Orequire┏ to be done % X, r* ^/ } _ @
want ┗ doing
, O" ~7 c1 g3 \/ A4. 情感：please, annoy, surprise, move
* a0 _) I" |8 tI am pleased. 主语高兴
, d( |. H9 u( j The news is pleasing. 令人高兴
9 P; q" G5 H( V2 w! ? 使...高兴（心烦、惊讶、感动）
# r3 C5 a" X! U6 l& E Franklin is so moved. 9 E- ^) v2 ]$ u% Z" w# ^4 D: w& j
The story is so moving. |
发表于 2012-8-14 23:32:39
