名词
' @+ ^3 p; {( a一、重要的名词 7 F9 f0 J$ P8 T/ M/ X6 t+ [5 q
(A)重要的可数名词 ( j s2 t, D- z, W) H- W0 p/ M8 Z) R
discovery, cloud, mineral, metal, material, substance,
Y* `* {: i6 M# D5 [+ Gpopulation, effort, effect, animal, plant, mammal,
, `1 c* E0 l8 Y$ Q, b' einsect, tree, herb, shrub, element, function, feature,
# ~& _5 \+ p. j) o% e2 k+ Ipicture, result, clue, star, reason, audience, device,
+ _# d* A! ]9 Q" Jstructure, human , human being, system, fashion, kind, ( N/ c& E: |. ^" _& P2 ?) ^# p
resource, source, origin, pioneer, automobile, purpose, ) `3 w4 m/ ^" X; \! ~
style, response, number, amount, variety, quantity, type
& C p3 A1 v i(B)常见的不可数名词
( d" e/ c4 O" \8 p/ Lfurniture, luggage, clothing, equiment, poetry, jewelry, ' @0 g. l6 g X
machinery, weaponry, scenery, information, knowledge, $ l# h' Q0 w: I4 E6 y6 S b8 C
homework, evidence, folige, advertising, health # L5 z" G8 P" C$ C! |; l- _
1. 液体不可数
8 C$ d3 a- n+ {9 ^" V; N. S& h2. 自然现象不可数：rain, sunlight,
) C% c4 R w8 H/ _9 V4 Vbut a heavy rain 可以用 ) v% {7 R: [' a( D( R2 A! Q! s
3. 颗粒状不可数
0 ]7 C: a2 ~( R. Z) V& u: V/ W4. 看不见摸不着的不可数 - \/ U7 M$ T& K3 G. t. v- n
证据不可数，intelligence 不可数， advice 建议皆不可数 2 b# r2 W8 c; ]6 s/ @
5. 学科不可数 1 o1 P2 x+ z! j
mathematics, economics, statistics, physics, politics,
4 j2 q+ O. s, ?0 l- P* Gmechanics, genetics, geology, geography, chemistry,
" [6 o0 o( s* xphilosophy, biology, histroy 0 r; Z: {7 q9 x. c$ n$ u
6. 疾病不可数: meales, munps(腮腺炎) , diabetes(糖尿病)
$ W+ w1 `, S! _( ]' I9 r! Q. s7. 总称不可数 1 h, ^5 E8 H; k% g. p
(C)常见的不规则名词 ! c' K; c: \5 s0 m) Q+ M: I( Q' n
*tooth, foot 一定错 % b& S5 A, V( z: Z& c( Z5 }
man-men, woman-women, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, goose-geese,
3 L7 r o' P& \% v+ ]6 ~1 u( vbasis-bases, analysis-analyses, crisis-crises, axis-axes,
, x7 d& T, t6 z: N( R/ whypothesis-hypotheses, alga-algae, lava-lavar,
1 \9 O% A4 x/ e6 d" Ifungus-fungi, stimulus-stimuli, datum-data, medium-media,
5 Z L/ h* H f: t4 g' Q7 |' Qbacterium-bacteria, spectrum-spectra, mouse-mice,
/ i+ M; [, N* E1 T5 f& rchild-children, phonemenon-phenomena 2 y/ t6 ?" U( r. h& G, t. W0 r
(D)常见的单复数同形的名词
* j+ ~) j1 Q/ W, ?aircraft, spcecraft 等 craft结尾的词 1 e0 t2 ?+ d3 W) X" T+ @
species, series, means(mean不加s不是名词)
( V2 h; e* d k! e0 c1 Jsheep, deer, trout, carp, salmon, fish->fishes,fish 8 F7 H9 k4 m6 N t. A" @3 N" ]
鱼类一般单复同形
- }$ i6 [# y9 V8 n(E)单一复数意义有差异的名词
" c, A8 W+ k$ H/ J Tsky-skies(气候) water-waters(水系，永远不错)
# y* a$ {" O+ c9 A; Ogood-goods(货物) part-parts(才能) 1 {6 A" q" m" {: @
custom=customs(风俗) spectacle(风景)-spectacles(眼睛) ; C( ~1 t3 x& c; f1 h/ j
letter-letters(文字) arm-arms(武器)
5 d0 Z8 @" |3 i1 r& Aforce-forces (武装力量) . [7 n4 r8 j) p; D
？？：这些词加s后是另一个名词单数还是作为复数
8 V A( m# @' z# C/ ~4 s' E; @5 o(F)即可数又不可数的名词
! h* k# g! s6 g6 b不可数 可数 5 T$ | f r/ T$ a3 ^( W
paper 纸 文件
# @* n' H8 C3 P/ b4 Qrock 碎岩 块岩
$ r' X8 n* s$ X5 N x9 x" Q+ E Lcollection 各种收藏品 同一种收藏品 ; k; N+ }; |, H- }+ w8 Q
sugar 砂糖 方糖
' M1 A* H7 ?$ R2 l' k/ J' zarea 面积 地区 9 y8 R" |) k5 N" |! @ \
land 面积 区域
' l, l; m: c$ ^# Pwork 作品；工作 著作；工厂，工程，工事 / o& n9 j( ~# Y
room 空间 房间
! p1 k2 d; f( {/ y) vtime 时间 倍数，时代
9 ^ d- l1 _! Q$ F* w2 `* | V* art, newspaper, food, beverage " l+ y" v9 Y- H7 W7 t8 ?! ~# d
art 泛指艺术 不可数
/ o0 k7 O T% Q; t* G一种艺术 an art
+ B: x# b# Z" e, |各种各样的艺术 arts
0 M# G9 Z9 A9 V# G; L7 seighteen pieces of newspapers 十八张报纸 7 v- x' ^* Q+ c. ]8 d' z! C
eighteen newspapers 十八种报纸 / {: w3 A, B$ j5 O' u8 i
此类：强调种类就属于可数
5 H& W' f8 n" M二、名词作定语的单复数问题 " Q1 M: [/ a. G' s& v
(A)名词作主语，即noun.修饰noun.,前面的名词必须是单数
. ?! ^, e, s* N' O0 |8 U3 ecolor effects, employment agenenices, sentence form, tree trunks 2 N Z7 F' U, t( \: ?( \
例外：a sales girl, a sales tax
8 q2 w W5 u' Ta greetings card, a sports car
, t& N% _! h. Q3 a- s( ^; za savings bank, a communications satellite ) }, M1 k" |' b6 d; p3 W8 P
a systems engineering
5 U" t7 W, S6 }(B)man或woman修饰noun.时，其单复数应该同时变
1 t5 @1 l4 S1 ma woman boxer->women boxers , i- H5 n# l0 [. M+ T
(C)表示某一学科的教授、学生、教科书、实验室...时，只能用
8 o5 N t/ Z; {8 r$ p# C学科名本身修饰
7 {) k2 G/ E9 I- sa mathematical professor 错
9 U. C4 l' u3 {( ta biological textbook 错 $ p. v* E6 F* L4 e
the chemical lab 错
+ @* p8 y% y3 ]7 M" C! A! Qthe highest scientific award 错 0 f. D1 D+ a( x4 P
a mathematical model 对 " I8 `, x* w6 F) M9 g, ?; N& E7 u
三、重要的限定词
+ P) P1 \+ S/ H' N9 C! X(A) many + 复数 [" H2 V( J1 N) w
much + 不可数n
& p, \) P2 v' v- v W看见many 去找复数名词 + {! d% @; C( D& ?) Y
as many as 3 h7 H9 R6 F- I! P( u
50 percent of the money
9 p9 k' j/ ~: I~~~~~~不可数 ~~~~~不可数
. r6 T. C% ^+ x! U2 n- r; h fmany和much可为代词 D- o: H& g* `/ m3 E0 r
many of..., much of..., ...by many
" M- f# ?1 ^" j(B)some,any 后跟单/复数, 不可数/可数 均可
, Y _/ [* v9 m; Qsome object 某一物体 : ^0 Z* T, Z1 B0 R' E8 c! S" j* u
some objects 一些物体
5 y+ @& s* g* }some money 一些钱
8 i3 L$ C8 H* X0 f- q也可作代词：some of..., any of...
5 L/ q0 }8 Y1 b9 D/ E(C)few/a few, little/a little
4 L/ e" u) `: u~~~~~~~~+可数 ~~~~~~~~~~~+不可数
2 f8 F; o( L. t. dfew+复数
4 v. a7 R4 D, b6 \+ z(D)every/each + 单可 : E2 D: l& b g: t, z
each major styles 错
) q6 d9 D+ n6 u1 \) n% seach ten boys 对 0 Z2 ]1 f" E3 R G7 J- ]
every four years 对 8 ?6 H3 B+ { V. ?0 i! C
(E)数词/several + 复数
5 c$ \3 A- K% U) I jfive aircraft 对
9 n( q$ `" Z6 X* D8 |& J& Zseveral setting 错 & m% D$ G5 v9 ]. ?% o
(F)one of/among + 复数 ; V) J) Q4 X* m- R0 [4 O
* be considered (to be) +noun./adj.
' L1 V- K9 r) g2 x" P# cbe regareded as 2 Q% b4 P9 a, L x$ C) \& P2 R {- @
be viewed as 1 J, o, ~: ?; X/ B! T5 ]( }9 u+ b" h
(G)first/only/single + 单/复均可
7 w& r2 _1 O( B- O5 v; a8 l7 q$ T# Fthe first school 第一所学校
! p/ ^% b( B! U! U$ c+ C* @4 _the first schools 第一批学校
4 q2 A. ~5 H2 [ a single + 单可
8 }" g+ P$ l" q V0 [ no single + 复可
/ S! k$ X1 g( l/ a( } g (H)hundred,thousand,million,billion 5 Z. \0 m/ o! N& V7 B) F- y
five hundred boys, hundreds of boys, hundred million boys
! ]% u. M" a" b(I)another + 单可
* G/ U% W ~9 Y! g, p other + 复名(纯粹的other) 3 l% E) J! \& i0 Y
anyother+ 单可 ; v- ]( _7 [* O5 |' T! @$ ? E' ?
例外：other part .(part 永远对)
$ }: c8 j/ c* X0 I! ~(J) a number of + 复noun. + 复Verb * a4 ?$ x; q1 r- d, L
the number of + 复noun. + 单verb
) y1 w/ p! s B! z+ pThe amount fo leisue time is increasing |
发表于 2012-8-14 23:32:39
