名词 % N$ o- ^+ j9 U" ^7 a: t. P
一、重要的名词
9 D9 Z2 _& M, I o/ E6 J(A)重要的可数名词
" Z# W- x% {- n0 ]discovery, cloud, mineral, metal, material, substance,
6 T. {9 U& j; T% [9 y, kpopulation, effort, effect, animal, plant, mammal,
4 V5 D! Q8 D) i1 @# a ~# Qinsect, tree, herb, shrub, element, function, feature,
9 q/ I& J2 i* W3 ~6 ]" [! B, O! mpicture, result, clue, star, reason, audience, device,
0 d: ^/ A& ?4 `$ Pstructure, human , human being, system, fashion, kind,
( _8 B* o% q( I S0 e+ f g5 gresource, source, origin, pioneer, automobile, purpose,
\7 |: Z \ Y/ U# _style, response, number, amount, variety, quantity, type % t+ c# s6 e/ u* E# G
(B)常见的不可数名词
& l) P) ~) \/ r) Dfurniture, luggage, clothing, equiment, poetry, jewelry, % [) I; ]3 b' A5 Z' a
machinery, weaponry, scenery, information, knowledge,
$ n/ Z8 q0 @# H- U, phomework, evidence, folige, advertising, health
|- Q6 [7 z0 X' [1. 液体不可数 + a" g2 `! @9 j# p5 W' D, `
2. 自然现象不可数：rain, sunlight, 0 n. b. i6 _* y. n6 m- n1 e6 r) l
but a heavy rain 可以用 8 Y' G2 D& H# L5 g: R, ~, [
3. 颗粒状不可数
& r3 b: w0 ~$ i" P7 h( N" u4. 看不见摸不着的不可数 7 @1 k! F7 Z/ q
证据不可数，intelligence 不可数， advice 建议皆不可数 5 z& c3 ^. j. }+ p6 ?- B: e
5. 学科不可数
3 [8 `. ~; Y/ N2 \mathematics, economics, statistics, physics, politics,
8 Y0 f- b/ a; l- tmechanics, genetics, geology, geography, chemistry,
- }& x5 D0 c8 P. |philosophy, biology, histroy
0 S+ k0 v* ~5 q1 {! g6. 疾病不可数: meales, munps(腮腺炎) , diabetes(糖尿病) ' u; ?* ^8 P* [: N6 \
7. 总称不可数 . B& ^' v/ @. U6 F4 I. x+ x7 L: a
(C)常见的不规则名词 # J3 b! j A3 e( ]4 R# `, r1 X
*tooth, foot 一定错 3 m/ l/ m- u8 N
man-men, woman-women, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, goose-geese,
1 G' F* h3 {# D* j. d9 Ebasis-bases, analysis-analyses, crisis-crises, axis-axes,
* `3 X* T( n3 H% k" [hypothesis-hypotheses, alga-algae, lava-lavar, : L- n) Y$ @- F3 f
fungus-fungi, stimulus-stimuli, datum-data, medium-media,
2 h. o8 Z2 P& u/ R1 Xbacterium-bacteria, spectrum-spectra, mouse-mice, 7 X* U) r" k2 Z1 F6 {/ M
child-children, phonemenon-phenomena 2 B' K) Y- _" b5 ^
(D)常见的单复数同形的名词
1 H6 G/ d1 @8 o( Xaircraft, spcecraft 等 craft结尾的词
4 D. ^6 o! D8 q3 L I" D# f# T6 Jspecies, series, means(mean不加s不是名词)
8 r) i$ B# m- c6 R3 | }& hsheep, deer, trout, carp, salmon, fish->fishes,fish ) V& H1 r8 h8 V/ i; G
鱼类一般单复同形
6 w7 {0 I) w4 c' C* l" V5 Z3 F- w(E)单一复数意义有差异的名词 & j6 w) ~% o% `" M
sky-skies(气候) water-waters(水系，永远不错)
+ P- c' ^8 h! x# t3 Dgood-goods(货物) part-parts(才能)
* j7 L* s- X2 u$ Vcustom=customs(风俗) spectacle(风景)-spectacles(眼睛)
5 i6 b4 x/ g/ m6 \/ |3 u1 x" e2 \letter-letters(文字) arm-arms(武器)
; w1 N9 }5 x# Uforce-forces (武装力量) 7 H/ c2 K7 J: ]1 e8 O0 P. S
？？：这些词加s后是另一个名词单数还是作为复数
) V$ L( c- k0 e2 G( p" l(F)即可数又不可数的名词 . f4 C! ?( k. h5 K3 @
不可数 可数 & x _3 r7 _3 C1 P- ?
paper 纸 文件
* E* q/ V/ r2 x8 t; F( Grock 碎岩 块岩
3 `4 y4 ^: L. D) Y% bcollection 各种收藏品 同一种收藏品
9 I" S5 |6 V6 h2 n; w4 ~8 E- Osugar 砂糖 方糖
7 k Q" X3 P% ]% r* I$ xarea 面积 地区 $ N9 E8 e' k; P6 W
land 面积 区域 & c8 M& \, P: P' T( T, ?
work 作品；工作 著作；工厂，工程，工事
" c1 g# q/ h' x6 D' Q3 Y; kroom 空间 房间
" A7 D/ v( V% D2 ~) ltime 时间 倍数，时代
9 g. S% k" S/ L- X [* art, newspaper, food, beverage
2 R: y$ f d! U5 p& lart 泛指艺术 不可数
1 _* P8 B" J2 ] n! v( t6 S一种艺术 an art
, x1 ^' f( b( l2 N( M+ ]各种各样的艺术 arts
0 N+ v- N8 ]/ X! t& [9 \eighteen pieces of newspapers 十八张报纸 6 n. u" c1 n8 M) `1 n
eighteen newspapers 十八种报纸 : C2 L" E. }% ?7 Z
此类：强调种类就属于可数
. v1 c8 @6 B: b. W1 m! r k二、名词作定语的单复数问题
7 J3 R7 F* X; k) ](A)名词作主语，即noun.修饰noun.,前面的名词必须是单数
6 P& o* ^$ a- y1 I4 Zcolor effects, employment agenenices, sentence form, tree trunks 8 W' b0 l. \, T: O
例外：a sales girl, a sales tax
# \7 x" S; u1 sa greetings card, a sports car
7 Y/ k3 B1 _; b" }' y9 z7 s- u' Pa savings bank, a communications satellite / o r3 X" b: {. D! ~6 Z0 g
a systems engineering
: T O. ?2 [! \(B)man或woman修饰noun.时，其单复数应该同时变
/ s, r. i' t% T `5 `, ]a woman boxer->women boxers
2 K! p0 p& ?6 ?* y) G(C)表示某一学科的教授、学生、教科书、实验室...时，只能用 ) t$ x- I4 T* z! H6 f
学科名本身修饰
1 x3 [9 ^' q; [" S0 J- X) U6 ?a mathematical professor 错 6 G3 x% m2 n" ~
a biological textbook 错
+ M( b* g$ L6 y8 Athe chemical lab 错 - s. h' B: v( g* M
the highest scientific award 错 : w$ u$ w* P& X3 X
a mathematical model 对
& e. _4 a: c! d7 I三、重要的限定词
- M- |0 R5 t, l: s- g/ m(A) many + 复数
. B) Q3 x/ X) Q: wmuch + 不可数n
v( v v! Z/ q+ m看见many 去找复数名词 , _2 r( Q5 ?3 r3 Z: j( c
as many as ! H7 L! ~8 F- E& {6 j
50 percent of the money ' e9 u R( ], R* b& }& c( F& n o" m
~~~~~~不可数 ~~~~~不可数 . ?/ k% T5 c5 i2 T4 o
many和much可为代词
; L# G$ [0 u; A I" w; X& s8 y; rmany of..., much of..., ...by many
( E3 s* o. c* Y* J(B)some,any 后跟单/复数, 不可数/可数 均可 # H2 B6 x( G4 O" \$ g+ q H- W
some object 某一物体
2 Q+ u4 {1 O3 b; S0 T0 Fsome objects 一些物体 " y! L4 j7 a, ^: z E# ?$ G
some money 一些钱
a2 f5 ?* J5 E: s5 I, e9 G也可作代词：some of..., any of... $ T6 k$ b& Q+ D
(C)few/a few, little/a little
2 j5 k: G% G: F9 M~~~~~~~~+可数 ~~~~~~~~~~~+不可数 ' c# }+ E; M3 G5 u
few+复数 : C, |( X I7 I0 r
(D)every/each + 单可
' L1 v, |8 G1 P P+ peach major styles 错
; ~. m5 {1 s9 o9 v1 z- n9 ^; h$ \each ten boys 对 . i: K. B! U- f* W' [- t
every four years 对
, @. q: N, Y% I( E(E)数词/several + 复数 & c. V1 z; @) [1 J( \
five aircraft 对
* A. R% i9 P0 M( yseveral setting 错
$ c7 O6 F" e R: L: E" R(F)one of/among + 复数
/ ^0 P% @' u; w. c0 k* O* be considered (to be) +noun./adj. 6 R- b5 q) v! ?+ E
be regareded as ; w' S4 R/ d! I6 O! h* x/ B' n3 d
be viewed as - Q# A3 H0 D0 T' R- B8 K
(G)first/only/single + 单/复均可 u' A7 b E! P" e8 R! o5 e# }
the first school 第一所学校
% s5 `3 a6 f! Z2 l" v& K0 Bthe first schools 第一批学校
9 ?4 Y+ @9 t) I) y7 R a single + 单可
8 f1 b3 d$ } i1 Y( }/ M no single + 复可 8 a1 m* I" ?$ B- C6 f7 ]
(H)hundred,thousand,million,billion
" g# l4 }, P% |2 p; o- s {five hundred boys, hundreds of boys, hundred million boys 4 Z4 t* F' T, O; [+ U% ?' h: h
(I)another + 单可
6 p! E. h9 {! Q% [ other + 复名(纯粹的other)
+ B5 p' Q" P$ i+ `5 wanyother+ 单可 - ]" P, `, I i9 S
例外：other part .(part 永远对)
6 [% B5 c4 c9 U* [, U& M+ F(J) a number of + 复noun. + 复Verb ( z( O/ y2 A) q# `: C' v
the number of + 复noun. + 单verb
, y' a. s$ v, d6 z9 Z& wThe amount fo leisue time is increasing |
发表于 2012-8-14 23:32:39
