托福考试语法指南--词性变化

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　　词性混淆误用一直是TOEEL考题中最重要的命题形式。它与“基本句子结构”(本书要点之1)和“平行结构”(本书要点之4)组成TOEEL命题的三大焦点。有关词性混淆的试题主要集中在written Expression (16-40题)中，命题范围包括(1)并列结构中词性一致、(2)形容词与副词混淆、(3)形容词与名词混淆、(4)名词与动词混淆。其中，形容词用错的题型占此类命题的最大比例。词性混淆常考题型及解题要点1.并列连词and but or结构要求词性统一 全真例题分析
( b9 N" V; V4 Z8 Z9 X(1) Bigness. Boastful. And strong. Frontiersman Mike Fink was the subject of many folk tales. (93.3)
& W4 O$ `8 I7 V+ k7 B8 o1 c, [(答案) A并列连词and连接三个形容词，故(A)Bigness应改为Big。
(2) The success of a naval ship is determined by its seaworthiness, speedy ,and maneuverability. (92.10)
' Z! a1 \0 Y3 C$ T1 _' `6 A(答案) D并列连词and连接三个名词，而speed是形容词，故应改为speed。
(3) Regulation of public utilities in the United States is carried out by locally state and federal governments. (92.5)
2 s3 n6 Q) F- R6 v(答案) D并列连词and连接三个形容词性质的词，共同修饰后面的中心词governnenrfs。而locally是副词，应改为local。
(4) In Middle Ages. Books called bestiaries were prepared in an attempt to describe animals, real or imagine, that exemplified human traits. (92.5)
; @* S5 r5 p  \. ?(答案) B并列连词or前面是形容词real。之后亦应是形容词imaginary。
/ i( j: x& j" I1 p1 [2.形容词错用为副词
解题要点形容词用来修饰说明名词或名词性成分的，而副词则可修饰除名词以外的所有词性及句子成分。
全真例题分析
' W" ~9 [% N, b+ E' s(1) Animal life on Prince Edward island is confined large to ducks. Pheasants. And rabbits (93.5)
  R+ u5 H% _6 E( s* z/ u3 f(答案)C修饰限定介词短语to ducks pheasants and rabbits应用副词largely。
(2) The General Sherman tree a giant sequoia in California, has grown to be the world*s largest plant at approximate 272 feet tall.
' p" [7 q2 q/ P9 g6 a(答案) D修饰说明数词(272)应用副词approximately。
' j9 h1 ?1 u# x* @7 B/ ](3) Because its body is supported by water, the blue whale can grow to a size considerable larger than any land mammal alive today. (93.8)
+ D/ Z' J6 H; @/ d% p* S; S( f6 p(答案)修饰形容词短语larger than…应用副词形式considerably。
, o9 |7 d" G6 m. Q% F; p6 R! f0 I
! K. |  C) |- R- a5 e5 u2 f7 o# {(4) Once an important port of entry for immigrants to the United States. Island recent reopened its great hall s a museum of immigration. (92.8)