托福考试语法指南--词性变化

会计考友

　　词性混淆误用一直是TOEEL考题中最重要的命题形式。它与“基本句子结构”(本书要点之1)和“平行结构”(本书要点之4)组成TOEEL命题的三大焦点。有关词性混淆的试题主要集中在written Expression (16-40题)中，命题范围包括(1)并列结构中词性一致、(2)形容词与副词混淆、(3)形容词与名词混淆、(4)名词与动词混淆。其中，形容词用错的题型占此类命题的最大比例。词性混淆常考题型及解题要点1.并列连词and but or结构要求词性统一 全真例题分析
(1) Bigness. Boastful. And strong. Frontiersman Mike Fink was the subject of many folk tales. (93.3)
, w7 |5 D+ ~$ t3 ?0 f! v(答案) A并列连词and连接三个形容词，故(A)Bigness应改为Big。
! s- Y/ J$ [8 S4 O$ \* v2 L(2) The success of a naval ship is determined by its seaworthiness, speedy ,and maneuverability. (92.10)
8 j) S' ]/ R! d9 e! M; _7 W(答案) D并列连词and连接三个名词，而speed是形容词，故应改为speed。
- A* M/ a; A( p( E4 ?(3) Regulation of public utilities in the United States is carried out by locally state and federal governments. (92.5)
* V4 i* d% n$ i. t5 y' {1 ]& ](答案) D并列连词and连接三个形容词性质的词，共同修饰后面的中心词governnenrfs。而locally是副词，应改为local。
. \6 U( D/ M8 e% `  N(4) In Middle Ages. Books called bestiaries were prepared in an attempt to describe animals, real or imagine, that exemplified human traits. (92.5)
$ C4 d% ]3 T3 [1 o) A. P  c(答案) B并列连词or前面是形容词real。之后亦应是形容词imaginary。
* J' Q. T, I6 R2 p/ P; X# p- b1 u2.形容词错用为副词
; F  y3 p" D( @) P解题要点形容词用来修饰说明名词或名词性成分的，而副词则可修饰除名词以外的所有词性及句子成分。
6 V5 h" s, q$ u7 Q& B% \8 @1 V全真例题分析
. Y$ C. Y: c7 M(1) Animal life on Prince Edward island is confined large to ducks. Pheasants. And rabbits (93.5)
(答案)C修饰限定介词短语to ducks pheasants and rabbits应用副词largely。
# i  G/ j. j; T8 G1 l5 H(2) The General Sherman tree a giant sequoia in California, has grown to be the world*s largest plant at approximate 272 feet tall.
0 p% J  R7 D/ `! X1 d1 R4 H- O(答案) D修饰说明数词(272)应用副词approximately。
3 X9 _8 I; x) Y5 }! R* v( K# B$ I(3) Because its body is supported by water, the blue whale can grow to a size considerable larger than any land mammal alive today. (93.8)
, }; X7 j4 W3 c# S; }9 F* l4 n(答案)修饰形容词短语larger than…应用副词形式considerably。
( D9 p3 B  r2 d( H: c0 y& x
5 w1 E8 s/ c- ^6 A2 g7 Y+ y(4) Once an important port of entry for immigrants to the United States. Island recent reopened its great hall s a museum of immigration. (92.8)