冠词(缺失与多余为重点和难点) 2 U, e6 G7 X0 b2 `2 z2 y
(A)
( @* l, O( n6 D1. a与an的区别 (发音而非字母)
" L0 a/ o0 a+ n0 ]an: herd undergraduate understanding oyster honest
3 ?5 y( g8 E3 B2 S; u! R7 va : unique university unite yawn - K" |; X; ?# }* u: ^5 u
2. a与复数名词的混用
# }/ x1 k5 X) G8 b- F$ k% van outstanding methods. , x1 M7 U8 d* E* B- {7 p R$ a
3. 不定冠词a的遗漏
_8 y) d! {- P0 z1 I(1)固定短语中a的遗漏
) z4 i+ w9 T9 Z; m0 _- N0 P7 Ja set of, a piece of, a variety of, a series of, ; o5 v- p1 p; h1 r& N
a collection of , a wide range of : b9 s$ ^- m. E- }7 L& x8 l
a wealth of + 不可数名词(information)
8 J8 @: }( }, t% @# q- ]5 |(2)强调可数名词的单数概念 ( N$ a. w! t8 ]1 Z( U7 l- H* J
且无其它限定词,必须用不定冠词
% t( P: C) W$ F也就是说,单数可数名词前必须有限定词 9 U8 |) t( G% V$ ]
* v+单数可数名词 错 / `2 A, e! g/ |
prep+单数可数名词 错 ' U' t4 w/ n" k6 { ^
of humid area area可数,所以错
: A0 z+ e. {+ w3 l0 b3 nof prize fighter fighter可数,所以错
9 m* V" {: a+ B; p) I) Z+ wof raindrop 亦然
4 I5 G0 ~6 d3 Y( B" X# i0 h2 [例外:a. a part of= part of 9 W+ ^+ f$ I! c/ k" N
part 永远对 ' H/ c6 i2 Z& L
b. 表示职务、身份、亲属关系的词可以单独使用 6 L, }8 o% S! k! F9 Q
Little Bush, son of George Bush, is running
b% O, }0 x5 P* i' Efor the office of president. 1 F5 {( T- W+ \
c. 表示“种类”名词后所接noun可单独使用
9 W+ i. |9 T- \type of , kind of, sort of * {# m( r4 z$ t" s6 e8 m
d. 表示某一方面的名词可单独使用 5 y6 g0 a' E% S) m: Q5 |: }6 g
All cells differ in function, in size, in color, in shape.
2 k) w; y8 ?$ A( V0 t ^(B)定冠词 (the ,表特指)
5 P9 I# G4 S% n3 xthe astronomy, the nitrogen, the iron, in the histroy, / V* d- D2 \ i
in the nature, of the human hoby, on the right side ; g8 y& D" G' d9 @2 ?2 \
这些名词前都不能加the 6 i5 a1 Q3 Q3 ]! I+ J
1. 表示“独一无二”的事物 ) P3 y0 `2 x% C: l' K" I' p
the Great Wall, the Sun, the Moon, the Earth ' t p+ @- |$ E; d2 s, `" C
2. 关于序数词
* } P0 _0 J6 h( Z: G* 序数词只有作定语修饰noun,才必须加the " T: y% k" K- T: o9 u4 q1 [/ o# ?+ e
年代:in the serventeenth century - @' {. g9 o) h4 l$ Q8 a0 @$ ^
排序:the eight(h) element (is)...... ( y" B- `" l8 L9 G/ t* [
* 序数词考两点:a. 加不加the
V ^; R; v- f9 O- ?2 e3 vb. 是eight或eithth (单词) ! i2 L. q h5 i, v" @
陷阱: a. Utah ranks first among...
# D& j! q3 i7 b6 w/ }. L# T1 Qb. A is second only to B.
* {$ G/ _! [" y' M% p3. adj.最高级作前置定语修饰noun,才必须加the. ; `$ r$ f+ q1 {- d1 M) {$ ]
the most desolate region(S) ) j* y- Z0 r: A/ Y
the most ... area(s) 4 f* }( ]9 j4 L, Z4 ~. v+ h
adj+est 后可以是复数。 , K4 F6 h: Q3 w3 B Q2 f: m3 [* X1 X
4. 四大洋,河流,湖泊前必须加the
T9 D, x y( D, Z4 ~9 s2 FWinds from the Atlantic Ocean : U' ^; ?0 \! s J1 Z9 Z+ T6 A
5. “人体” the human body
; {" r8 o/ v7 U6 M- y6 q" u“普通人” the average person 6 x7 z! Q9 S# Q
the common person / z, c% x) d2 m9 ]7 x0 J( z
6. 表示“开始”与“结束”,必须加the
4 n3 u) `: e- }" cthe beginning( 可以加s) the end % g6 f0 [% |3 x3 j) i
7. 学科前不加the
B! H4 \8 G' ?9 u1 X kthe astrology错 2 C% x8 u" ~1 h4 i3 D" b
元素前不加the " o' f4 a. X! @! A+ a+ M/ |4 P- p
Iron, Nitrogen
: A f5 j }; ] ^6 ?8. nature
0 R G) t0 @! f+ j" Ea. 在自然界 in nature
6 ?% d, Z. H+ z' ^( @9 h; i3 t7 yb. ... of nature 本质上的
3 I, U, W2 I R& Qfaith of natrue 发自内心的
( d. P# S5 ^+ I! u& R3 f" `9. history
& O5 H% N4 e; _* W+ Wa. 泛指“在历史上”,in history
/ {# v' L/ j- [( Nb. 特指在某种历史上,in the history of NOS 4 t6 C, h" ~3 w9 j
10.乐器 play the piano(正确)
/ _ T, ]8 j* ]% ~% Q; Yplay erhu(正确) # V- f- v0 `4 j- i# c
11.城市名,州名,国家名前不加the
- h' Q' v# T/ E8 I# nin Beijing , in the city of Beijing ) F! {* p! j7 F: D* E- l$ a
联合名词除外:the United States
5 U# |' M: B, D. P* z# g6 dthe United kingdom
2 o0 x' Y) X; Va United States boy. , d9 ^5 U6 g: f) L( y2 f# P
12.most的用法
0 I5 b6 Q# l/ Ma. 作为一个副词(adv.)修饰adj,adv,表示最高级
0 X$ t7 s- }+ X* L... are most plantiful ...
) u- H J( R# Fthe most handsome teacher
0 j9 y @( N; I' m( Pb. adj. 大多数的
3 r' t4 O" L% v2 imost animals 泛指 $ m% n5 d# k7 ^
(不可以+the)+可数/不可数名词皆可
* B3 V9 [: Y: U7 h~~~~~~~~~~~~~决定谓语 ; U/ e3 D% F9 k5 U, s/ c
c. pron.大多数,大部分
1 `, Q0 ^# N E% R! h/ Z( i* Xmost of the animals 特指 ; _8 o+ p8 O/ U
d. a most beautiful girl . l* Q* |; l/ a6 a
~~~~adv., very . l7 s) q) Q8 ]& J; D
e. most/mostly
+ B: z0 z, m0 n! i9 V均作副词时,most修饰形容词、副词
: B- C+ y" Y, V2 E& f1 _+ _% kmostly修饰动词、介词
/ k0 s% Q, X6 {1 Qbe composed mostly of |