代词 ( N/ @: l. W' o% p
一、代词的五种形式间的混用
! `2 e' c) q; l5 i+ Nhe him himself self
8 q/ z& Q' L6 |8 a3 | 主格<->宾格<-反身代词 名词 ! i. M. Q. n- X
△
1 [. |! B i+ P3 e┃
) q7 t% [3 l5 n. z4 M所有格
& g9 g0 U. C* B% @9 nhis
- B- ?/ W f% v: H; d* G(A)名词前面应该使用所有格
; R0 p" w6 c+ t: C, K4 @# Gmake she debut 错
+ D4 q# G6 }/ B0 C7 @7 n' kmake one’s debut 7 [6 q" n! R- K& u! Q, P2 n8 ?
* 双宾语结构例外 won him prizes 对
* m3 L/ g6 i1 x# l! I. F(B)反身代词画线--->改宾格 8 P2 Z; D' D- w1 h3 Y% C# H2 Y
要使用的反身代词必须与所在句子主语一致
) I1 L% o' m j! Ihe killed him. 他杀
9 v5 b# c+ e6 Uhe killed himself 自杀 3 ^0 T. q% B( T) y" E; \
(C)self ,是名词,“自我”,只用于哲学, 出现永远错
. y$ o- H( |6 W& q二、代词的单复数 him,her--> them, 注意一下 ( A; l: K! ~; O* m; L( Z3 O
三、代词的性别
/ ~1 p6 @# `4 ~) u# c" ~ T, Yhis/her himself/herself / F h" P9 I7 E1 I- c- o# ^
四、代词的人与物 # j; _* Y2 k( l+ {( B: q$ G
Although he is employed in hte scientific field, the metric system - h( N' l, ~( t0 {. d- y' z+ m
~~->it d' v" F! O5 d, V
is not used in the U.S. - S, y: p5 r0 ^% ], s( ^" ]# V
五、关系代词
0 m; _1 v* D/ R" I/ ~┏ which 指代物
, _% V; q) [; d8 z┃ that 指代人或物 注意:who与which混用
3 W% l* F+ h; r/ l┗ who 指代人 . E1 A, k1 z8 }+ ]. P2 U; a
┏ who 主
2 H0 x( M5 t* j+ \$ R/ o/ G7 L% n┃ whom 宾 8 S: I. Z( m& m- ^8 j
┗ whose 所有格 P% W& ^* {7 B1 w0 N1 O6 G
whom image --->只考过一回 / D+ O3 K# i! _
~~~~->whose
! k1 C8 @9 |! X2 U*主要考who和whose的混用 $ W! U% c5 z* `# E: `- O3 a% m9 \9 ?
who + noun. 错 whose + V 错 ( |9 x5 _+ q4 f! D4 }
介词 ( q% \2 E1 n4 M
一、through/throughout
$ N1 {( T& k& E0 ~/ wthrough: “穿过”、“通过”,强调动作
% K' n6 Z j) G e8 o9 \* Q Bthroughout: “贯穿”throughout his lifetime
) Q$ a, A4 W9 x) p8 i7 H“遍布”throughout the world 4 ~% x. D# }# w! O' s
二、between/among
3 H+ h4 M" {2 h, x" Tbetween the stars/trees 两两之间 " u% E9 u) H0 w- y) J/ c! n& d
among the two realms 错 & [. r/ [" x1 v& {, o
三、in/inside /into 3 S9 }& s) o! u' c# n: E
inside,in 静态,强调状态
) u# A6 m) k5 A) V into 动态,强调动作 $ o, c8 D/ R! F# |& O5 X: ?
air inside the house
5 D9 k0 X2 R L, U: o4 \5 Tshoot...into the sky
9 c1 h0 G3 c- |7 h* A- A* Yin + 单数noun.(无冠词),表示某一领域,某一方面,某一行业 6 }6 h# H' U* B. l" e3 i& t8 j
in shape, in size 9 J5 b# {- V3 i7 K+ s2 {8 l: P
四、in/for/since
1 N# D5 D% S8 @in + 1. 时刻点
% \) S+ s( ? e9 x 2. 一段时间 ( Y2 ?0 l9 O- K7 A" q Y8 K
for+ 1. prep. + 一段时间
* N; s9 t. r3 c: u: W, ?6 f, E 2. conj. 并列连词,不能位于句首
1 |0 C6 z3 x8 i1 c2 w% W 句子,for 句子
' [# V! E$ ?# I- d since+1. prep., “自从”+时刻点,完成时 5 G4 |7 Q( [! w+ B6 Q# Y8 t, c2 `
2. conj., “因为”Since +句子,句子
" R; a7 f; b9 S2 \# _3. adv., a. 与过去时共用 = ago
, R5 u7 `2 [7 q) C% G9 V ...was...many years since ... + N: o) @: M w: j. W& U: E
b. 与完成时连用,表示过去某个时间某个事件到现在 ! Q2 i% K# Y8 s+ h; l C; t
Tom was elected president last term, but he since has de / h& H$ h- y! z3 a! m! _: h9 H6 j
voted * Q1 F, X: f: N$ b
little fo his spare time to his reponsibility.
/ L# C+ N9 c0 X% x! `% l9 h五、of 遗漏
# R8 d4 x* W2 ~" s 多余
9 u+ \6 I" x9 j6 f% E5 |六、by ! o" g) l3 C- @
1. be done by 只要不是固定词组,就改by / i# e: |; D9 u1 X( G
2. by doing 只要不是固定词组
2 Y( U+ {; I- ]& y. F% k' P9 y" u 3. 作品by 作者 - _: M# C* f. ^# y9 R7 J. B% s
publication by Franklin
4 } o; k, f: k# Q8 W七、固定搭配 8 l9 H; s2 U8 {( e3 ^$ ~
together with = with
F! e3 g1 m1 G" K( G% o% u, ]adv + prep = prep |