托福考试语法题笔记（1）

会计考友

1. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an iMBAlance of humors in the body.
A. in disease
  A+ F* R- l) M4 [B. that disease
4 W+ l# X+ O9 O; h, @9 hC. of disease
& C2 g2 W7 ?  h( C3 |5 v! S- Y; ^3 TD. about disease
1 \9 `. b4 x; S1 j5 R8 d答案：B
分析：动词believe 的用法：直接加that引导的宾语从句。这里that为连接adv.，在句中不作任何成分，其后接完整句。
4 a+ i5 [" _$ O, g- D& s2 d参考译文：大多数殖民时期的医生认为疾病来源人体内不平衡的体液。
2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.
+ V7 B, A1 z8 l5 {. `' W7 \A. she was the first woman to conduct
+ O0 a8 [* d, pB. the first woman conductor
C. the woman was first conducting
D. the woman conducts first
  p7 V) a0 m* C答案：B
- K5 o. b# f) a; r4 O分析：缺宾语，答案中只有B，D可以作宾语，但D的语序不对。
4 U6 e8 ^3 o6 B& u. n, K参考译文：1976，Sarah Caldwell成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家。
补充： 常考 the first/second/… one to do sth
+ p7 o1 `2 C2 |3. On January 7， 1955， Marian Anderson became _________ to sing a major role at New York City's Metropolitan Opera House.
1 f' w' q" L/ UA. the first African American
B. the first African American was
C. she was the first African American
- H% }9 l2 }0 wD. when the first African American
3 Q% S. d) X" q3 [答案：A
分析：缺宾语，C， D都不能作宾语。一句话中只能有一个谓语，而B中有was，句中出现两个谓语，一定错。
0 ~/ X3 J$ g1 l# S参考译文：1955年1月7号，Marian Anderson成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House担任主唱的美籍黑人。
/ ^  x  v) l) L1 K9 d' ^4. Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities throughout the United States， _________ when massive highway-building programs permitted greater suburban growth.
' \2 q! m7 B7 @8 Y# |: XA. and accelerated a phenomenon
) ?/ K7 P2 @8 W4 a( J- SB. a phenomenon that accelerated
C. accelerating a phenomenon which，
+ ~  b: D: m9 p3 I+ yD. the acceleration of which phenomenon
答案：B
分析：考的是同位语结构，a phenomenon是 the decentralization of cities throughout the United States 的同位语。A中and为conj.，后面应该连接一个完整的句子，但缺主语，错；C中语序混乱，错； D中of which作为介词宾语，后面应该接一个完整句，但只有一个phenomenon主语，句子不完整，错。
0 G2 f' A1 \6 b' l% o0 z参考译文：可能战后最重大的趋势就是美国城市的分散化，当大规模高速公路建设项目容许了更大程度的发展郊区，这个现象更被促进了。
! q" I  ^2 ^" B1 r补充： accelerate/ accomplish/ achieve/ evolve都可以是vi.不接宾语
5. Ronald Reagan had served two terms as governor of California before _________ President.
A. he became
% g, `/ ]) `6 M+ rB. when becoming
7 T6 t$ l6 b4 Y/ Q0 b- H/ PC. became
" O7 F* J# {( ^* O% j( S( cD. did he become
答案：A
分析：before为状语从句引导词conj，后面一般引导一个完整的句子。B同时出现两个状语从句引导词，错；C缺主语；D应该为正常语序，选项中使用了倒装句式，错。
+ i1 g8 f, a% X0 Z# A* n+ a, c参考译文：里根在成为美国总统之前连续两届担任加州的州长。
6. _________， domesticated grapes grow in clusters， range in color from pale green to black， and contain sugar in varying quantities.
& [" Q+ a1 Z. B( p5 L" QA. Their botanical classification as berries
B. Although their botanical classification as berries
8 \; `0 J9 b4 J" _( IC. Because berries being their botanical classification
D. Classified botanically as berries
答案：D
分析：句子的主语是grapes ， 后面是平行结构grow…， range…， and contain…。空格后的句子已完整，那么空格处就应该是同位语，状语从句，分词等修饰成分。A中Their指代不明，而且classification和berries也不相符，错；B中Although为conj.，后面应该是完整句，错；C中Because为conj.，后面应该是完整句，错。
参考译文：培植的葡萄的植物分类跟浆果是一样的，它们成串的长在树上，颜色从灰白色到黑色，并且包含由不同数量的糖份。
7. The cyMBAl is ________ in the military band and is also frequently used in modern orchestral music.
A. a basic instrument
B. basic instrument
C. how basic an instrument it is
# u* j% M0 ^7 A, }5 tD. as an instrument is basic
) q) }7 p/ ?+ J. [$ W& r" V& T答案：A
  n+ ^; e8 O% N( a0 o2 s分析：instrument可数，前面应该有限定词a.and前为一简单句。
8 t' T0 h* F5 h0 b2 s! ?参考译文：铙钹在军乐队里是一个基本的乐器，而且还经常在现代管弦乐里使用。
8. In instrumentalist philosophy， ideas and knowledge are exclusively functional processes： they are of significance only _________ instrumental in the development of experience.
A. as they are
B. are they
C. there are
D. are
- l4 f9 L, i9 ?4 B8 R答案：A
分析：两个谓语需要有一个conj.来连接。一个句子中出现2个谓语且没有连接词就一定错。
参考译文：在乐器演奏家的哲学里面，思想和知识是专有排外性的功能性的过程。他们的重要意义仅限于在经验发展的过程中，用于乐器演奏。
" Q3 A- _2 X5 p, Q, {1 Q
9. _________ either by cooling or by depriving the fire of oxygen， and most do both.

会计考友

</p>A. Working fire extinguishers
& K! W2 v- f5 yB. Fire extinguishers that work
C. Fire extinguishers work
D. The work of fire extinguishers
4 \9 Z! b4 d2 A) g" r6 r答案：C
! J$ u# z2 Y8 v+ B3 j+ ~分析：空格中缺主谓。A中没有谓语；B中that多余，因为句中只有一个谓语；D也没有谓语。
4 X: t2 l" P  m1 @9 {6 O7 ?参考译文：灭火器的通过冷却或者减少火中的氧气的方法工作的，大多数时候两个方法都会用到。
10. The introduction of mass-production methods enabled many people _________ and gave them an unprecedented amount of mobility.
A. to purchase their own automobiles
B. their own to purchase automobiles
$ N. f( G, v1 I; V9 g( @% QC. to their own purchase automobiles
2 S" K& H- J: M& o; K) Z  SD. own their automobiles to purchase
3 h) w4 n0 v2 M7 r: k# B答案：A
分析：为固定结构enable sb to do sth.
) i8 K. i! _, S- i4 n参考译文：规模生产方法的产生，使得人们能够买自己的车，并获得了空前的灵活性。