形式
* M6 ]. e5 |8 K: D 现在一般时式 he works k( B; m, x; x
进行式 he is working
7 r8 D- L/ ^1 M s; C+ [' P+ x 完成式 he has worked
% e) n' ] c9 _: q1 t4 k 完成进行式 he has been working4 ?9 W2 {( s, q7 F3 `
过去一般式 he worked
! ~2 [9 j E6 j3 _, Q& g# E+ Q 进行式 he was working9 w) S, q! P& i
完成式 he had worked$ w9 X' ^% q. z0 J
完成进行式 he had been working
+ r' E1 M! r- T0 `8 T" e 将来一般式 he will work
6 L" ^3 i0 V: M+ H/ H 进行式 he will be working
# w' c/ b( e- t 完成式 he will have worked
' V$ F# G; i* t% |% v 完成进行式 he will have been working
! d6 s3 M$ w5 u8 j* H 现在 条件语气 he would work2 ]1 W( w& S2 u) B
条件进行式 he would be working
' \- ^7 `# v; g; ^ 完成 条件语气 he would have worked2 A9 d% S* W8 e2 C7 _
条件进行式 he would have been working) q& h2 Z# L" Y( p6 c
肯定式的缩略式
# x8 t" H& O; I' j* K; t' B. v/ d 助动词be,have,will,would的缩略形式如下:* x7 T/ b) G, A
am ′m
2 c. R. K5 n+ u& ~# o% _5 i is ′s
/ V4 o5 U5 A8 M9 R5 K3 h$ p are ′re
7 J F) {* A, g( |% J have ′ve8 z9 U! U7 o7 `, {0 R
has ′s. G' f0 g5 I% m
had ′d7 F. T1 f( r; j+ K8 [; V* p
will ′ll+ o$ \2 `: L- ^$ E* G. v4 n& _
would ′d
" a) r; |9 J2 w; q: n 注意:′s可以表示is或has;′d可以表示had或would:He′s going.相当于:
' M s) G1 H2 R& S5 [, X! M He is going.
4 \: L. V' `/ j# h$ j 他要走了。
& `* J" |: k7 d- Q* S He′s gone.相当于:
7 W, q9 J; V% G% L2 R He has gone.. p' |, {; [2 B" `5 _* z4 x
他已走了。
! q. m5 [+ O& x# j He′d paid.相当于:- v) f/ w: ^# C/ A
He had paid.
2 x* F- J: w' C9 _ 他已付过了。
" ]* [# q! t/ W; R- p He′d like a drink.相当于:* O( u6 X! D4 a
He would like a drink.- m0 W2 B2 Y' b
他想要杯喝的。
3 K" c9 E2 O5 ~& ]- L9 m! F" \ 这些缩略形式用于代词here,there,某些疑问词和短的名词之后:# e- l7 r- W' V9 r! Z& A
Here′s your pen.
, G/ ^- r! [: l' [" g5 v9 g/ u; ? 你的钢笔在这儿。
6 `9 a3 n/ E8 j8 p; ~6 D* V" x) x# { The twins′ve arrived.
7 L. H2 U; j3 K( v* } 双胞胎已经到了。
7 [% D' p0 i( w; a i4 Z" [ The car′d broken down.9 ^/ W4 d- ?: J7 g1 s5 n2 f; ~
车坏了。9 ?! z' v5 _+ b
肯定式的缩略式不用于句末:
+ Y1 n7 H) X! @1 L( O% D% T You aren′t in a hurry but I am.
$ O! y3 P3 B- u 你不着急,我可着急。(此处不能用I′m。)
, L) U" {4 z. A# T; S% ^ shall,should,was和were没有书面的缩略形式,但在口语中常读为/Ml/,/M+d/,/w+z/和/w+(r)/。+ n' M- m5 \* |: i0 r3 L6 z' |& U
重音
" O; {0 Y. k8 C5 D6 M! X& \; ^& R 通常助动词被用来构成时态时不重读,而主要的动词应重读。 |