某些副词和副词短语,主要是一些含有限定或否定意义的副词和副词短语,为了表示强调可放在句首,这时后面应跟动词的倒装(即疑问)形式。这类副词或副词短语中最重要的有:
8 r, N r4 v8 H; H0 U6 } hardly ever' D6 @' ~8 \' A2 F% P
on no account. \, q. C1 `& E# K j2 S
hardly…when
" U7 N$ ^3 o3 o9 |# P, F only by
4 ]0 G& m* z( L( ^/ a% t in no circumstances
9 `8 j* @8 h* U- G only in this way
- c; P3 l5 w3 ~4 ?! i9 J, G neither/nor! P3 ^* {4 i$ \" |. h
only then/when' x9 C2 A% ~1 Q
never3 E+ J0 ? g" A: O# L% S8 m
scarcely ever. w, T/ |8 Y# ?+ n2 I; B
no sooner…than; C( z: z/ Z. h$ z" e' A& } N
scarcely…when
3 u3 F! X- d* E: _8 k not only" f, V% ~5 J( A
seldom
- j J @2 B! b Y4 I not till
( ]; j3 k* N+ J/ S3 Z% C5 R: l so
2 B; B* W9 Q/ O nowhere6 Z* {& [! o: M! u) t. R
例句如:8 |6 k3 {+ u& K
—I haven’t got a ticket.$ l0 N& o8 c$ H/ E
—Neither/Nor have I.' C$ y# N9 Y% Y( G0 G! ~
—我没有票。. t. t6 g: ]7 [& M, Y+ d- M
—我也没有。
! {( y) A) d& X' M0 U; x, m I had never before been asked to accept a bribe.相当于:
& F4 _) a% W9 R- Z% M Never before had I been asked to accept a bribe.
1 \$ j/ Z7 F+ X, N$ i# L& r 以前从来没有人试图向我行贿。
: x* S8 W# N" S, o, l( e They not only rob you,they smash everything too.相当于:1 r& J4 A6 u( `) i& `
Not only do they rob you,they smash everything too.9 B l/ b% \4 {7 [- L. L
他们不仅抢劫你,而且砸烂所有的东西。
: A/ D/ w( f! x; g# } He didn’t realize that he had lost it till he got home.相当于:
$ n; ~2 g$ d+ G/ \5 |8 c5 ~" I/ B Not till he got home did he realize that he had lost it.
& f) b1 u3 ~1 ]8 X, M 一直到了家,他才发觉那东西丢了。2 n6 `9 |9 p2 |% E) v
This switch must not be touched on any account.相当于:
" s. B* O* H4 B On no account must this switch be touched.
! T( c* G: E/ S. m$ l2 t 这个开关严禁触摸。% L W3 f" l) J2 |7 c
He was able to make himself heard only by shouting.相当于:! A% Q* _+ |- ]9 ^/ m* b9 Y
Only by shouting was he able to make himself heard.+ N2 c- G% L* r
他只有叫喊才能让别人听到他。
2 q4 o% u5 U" ^8 O) W, w7 B9 Y He became so suspicious that…相当于:0 C P& M# n' E$ k4 r& f
So suspicious did he become that…$ p/ L8 X' T; s# f8 l" L
他变得这样疑心,以致……
4 Q7 N) o* x- i' z& p0 c R 注意:在一个句子中,第二个否定动词有时可以用nor来表达,并跟倒装语序:8 q/ `, }& N# ^8 K! {1 {. n d
He had no money and didn’t know anyone he could borrow from.
, [7 H; t! A, Q He had no money,nor did he know anyone he could borrow from.
, k2 R# B3 S `. U8 ] 他身无分文,也不认识任何可以借钱的人。(neither在这儿不太常用。)(关于副词和副词短语后跟动词的倒装语序和作主语的名词的情况,如Up went the rocket, By the door stoodan armed guard |