方式副词位于动词之后:. H1 P/ \- I3 s/ {7 x
She danced beautifully.
" i* m$ g9 @' J" h6 U0 \& D0 n 她舞姿优美。) G! W$ p6 p G0 o, F8 T1 m
当动词带宾语时,它位于宾语之后:
+ ~5 {& p( n/ Z8 S/ a; q5 ] He gave her the money reluctantly.
# @& j' _ S, ~% l7 o 他勉勉强强地给了她钱。3 U4 N0 N, v- ]0 G* X2 F8 i- o8 I8 w5 E1 _# ?
They speak English well.
1 x$ e- C' t9 J) Q& E! [) G 他们英语说得好。4 Q. O( r6 `$ \5 n0 n! @
不要把副词置于动词和宾语之间。- R) m5 C' Z4 m1 w% A
遇到动词+介词+宾语结构时,副词可置于介词之前或宾语之后: D0 ^% `- _* l' N7 E; n" x0 X
He looked at me suspiciously./He looked suspiciously at me.& V! s5 `1 w) x3 L: d
他怀有疑心地打量着我。
. w; P$ C' `7 g 但是,如果宾语由好几个词组成的时候,就要把副词置于介词之前:
& R: Y7 b7 y. p5 r Y+ W' C He looked suspiciously at everyone who got off the plane.+ P' D$ K* R3 l
他用怀疑的目光打量着每一个从飞机上走下来的人。
8 @1 @ i8 m2 Q2 y2 ] 同样,含动词+宾语的句子中宾语的长短也决定副词的位置。如果宾语较短,就用动词+宾语+副词的语序,如上文B所述。但是,如果宾语较长,通常就把副词置于动词之前:
5 I3 x- Y0 O+ X* \* | She carefully picked up all the bits of broken glass.6 j- ~; U( J* | U, [- E
她小心地拣起所有的碎玻璃片。 P* s) _. l6 Z3 u: h; U
He angrily denied that he had stolen the documents.) A% @' f; m% S
他愤怒地否认他偷了那些文件。$ m9 r b+ n, i0 ?9 D7 X* v
They secretly decided to leave the town.6 I ^/ q+ N, v8 R& v. B
他们秘密决定离开这个城市。" p/ m( a- _1 N- {) s
注意:如果副词置于从句或短语之后,则通常认为它修饰从句或短语中的动词。因此,如果把上面最后一个例句中的se-cretly移到句末,就改变了句子的含义:
/ }) I0 e* L' j9 }7 Z+ l' t They secretly decided…
+ N4 [; }! G/ q( Q1 `" W9 K 他们秘密决定……(决定本身是秘密的。)# h, i+ s% P5 c2 R/ z: O
They decided to leave the town secretly.7 A' s! y% I( F& y
他们决定秘密地离开这座城市。(“离开”这个行动是秘密的。)
. B7 y, N5 S; n, t 表示性格和智力的副词如foolishly,generously,kindly,stupidly等位于动词之前时表示行动是愚蠢的/好意的/慷慨的等:* n6 N5 P5 s# r6 p* P4 F9 n
I foolishly forgot my passport.
& x) y0 r" Z; [( {' d4 ^ 我愚蠢地忘了我的护照。
! r8 V' r6 ^5 q U3 d2 ^ He generously paid for us all.
6 z) d& J/ M2 \% k/ _& j, O6 P 他很慷慨地代我们全付了钱。
) ?9 U6 H0 _; b5 f$ h/ l He kindly waited for me.
I) c' w) L. a1 j+ C: H 他好意地等着我。1 V4 L3 j. a) Y$ t; b
Would you kindly wait?# M6 h5 P& ~; J9 [' T
请您稍候。' z' O/ _5 ?" ]9 }! j6 l( S* i
注意:也可以用下列句子表示这类种意思:
3 t, c+ t0 ]1 K4 l# x: B It was foolish of me to forget.
0 j7 V2 B( D( b" g 我真蠢,竟然忘记了。* {/ V" L& y p7 ]
It was kind of him to wait.; ^0 a1 Z2 V+ I3 n0 ~
多蒙他好心等候。5 V! K# j6 I' f2 O& v/ [
Would you be kind enough to wait?
# o. A j4 `: R0 F# L 劳驾您等一等,好吗?(参见第252节。)
k7 R: K+ B, z+ a. S) f0 x 副词可位于动词或动词+宾语之后,但句子意思就改变了: B& Y6 H* k" E0 g* y
He spoke kindly.
9 G" c( { r2 _7 v/ h/ X 他说得很和蔼。相当于:
+ T) ?/ `1 _, [6 R( B His voice and words were kind.
! A5 g9 Z$ S$ n$ t& q 他的声调和话语都很和蔼。: Z9 R! A+ W: [. l5 t4 M+ j
不同于:/ z3 T5 E' [3 d z+ }& F
It was kind of him to speak to us.1 L9 v; Q% d) a3 }$ W
他跟我们说话,真是好心。
, l8 @) `3 u" r4 f He paid us generously.2 i; q7 a6 S1 J ^% f @
他付我们钱时出手很大方。相当于:. `2 t0 j7 q4 ^. |+ A% q& g
he paid more than the usual rate.
! [4 r- K# g0 H2 K' @ 他比一般的价格付得多。
, R/ a7 M. c7 P, | 不同于:, k1 L$ p# Y# \) T5 a' G0 V
It was generous of him to pay us.! C1 s! [4 G0 K) }& F, r( G
他付了我们钱,真慷慨。! d; Z5 R1 ^4 U) N* h6 v7 u
注意下面两句间的区别0 z7 Z- n, L7 {% N
He answered the questions foolishly.* }' @9 P2 ~5 \$ j' J
他对这个问题做了愚蠢的回答。(他的回答是愚蠢的。)
; E$ S" y5 \( S He foolishly answered the questions.
- n. H/ P. V U( c6 r 他愚蠢地回答了问题。* Z4 n0 O- G# }( a( O- w
) o3 q2 [* E* {6 e4 \
badly和well可用做方式副词或程度副词。作为方式副词,它们可以位于主动动词、宾语之后或者系动词与被动形式之间:
! E8 [4 C; E' g He behaved badly.3 J1 y% J$ p& l2 w' d
他表现得很坏。
( D$ w$ p9 v# O6 _2 y" K He read well.
8 g/ {2 f! d. |5 A0 v3 q# r 他读得很好。
& f% C6 ^' e* s- i k He paid her badly.
" a8 M# U. B9 _, A! G 他给她的钱很少。
' K. \ S$ O* {& f She speaks French well.
2 @, i9 Y% B% A( @0 d7 h 她法语说得很好。5 D7 u b* D( S7 K
She was badly paid.
' S J# g7 [# A7 O9 Z& v# H) g 她挣的钱很少。The trip was well organized.
" [2 L4 C2 o; c7 l: A% Y- O 旅行组织得很好。
+ j9 A0 X1 b( Z$ ^% I$ Y badly作为程度副词用时通常位于宾语之后或系动词与被动形式之间:+ e; y' v; j( q
The door needs a coat of paint badly./The door badly needs a coat of paint.
. [0 _" l! Y% s O" s5 d 这门急需刷一层油漆。9 j& |& Z ^. t% j1 A
He was badly injured in the last match.- S0 r; q& Y% D5 j o" `
在最后一场比赛中他受了重伤。, t" j8 c+ q7 j0 l
well(表示程度)和well(表示方式)可放在同样的位置:: O4 o4 H- H1 O6 ~0 u/ S; _0 T
I’d like the steak well done.
~" Y. x3 n M; A 我喜欢牛排烤得熟一点儿。& G: {5 C) b$ e0 \- X% J
He knows the town well.( s* i- k1 ~) V5 G! [/ @1 X: R
他对那座城市很了解。
5 c* \/ k! H# i: [' }, p3 b7 t0 b, ?0 R+ V Shake the bottle well.
" b8 Y' K5 |+ K9 w- J' F" N& W; j6 O 充分晃动瓶子。4 L }% Z& H' h- K% P. n' e* J+ x
The children were well wrapped up.! M4 F/ s I) I) |& d) o
孩子们都穿戴得很暖和。
9 J/ s6 s. g, j' R1 ]" D# l well的含义有时取决于它所在的位置。) T* I' Q( g3 p1 v# x6 f. i# {
注意以下区别:$ f' @8 E2 A" R4 Q9 u
You know well that I can’t drive.
3 c' n; w6 U* ? 你完全了解我不会开车。(关于这件事你一点也不会怀疑。)
- ]3 W; ^0 [$ d( C% t: @1 E$ T# O You know that I can’t drive well.
* t' B. h8 x" v4 N$ L6 F 你知道我车开得不好。(我不是一个好司机。)$ l. u8 M! j2 x3 }
well可放在may/might和could之后,强调一个行动的可能性:5 D1 }: M0 a# a
He may well refuse.相当于:" B# L+ _* ]% I! @. P
It is quite likely that he will refuse.
- I8 w5 V$ @! X* f# O 他很可能会拒绝。* c( c0 A3 @; P, X" _6 o1 f
somehow,anyhowsomehow(以某种方法/不知怎地/总算是)可放在句首、不及物动词之后及宾语之后:
5 q0 W( b& m5 P3 ~7 b- a2 p7 i' s" M Somehow they managed.9 w" o+ U% s) W3 |
他们总算是凑合下来了。
7 k2 Y" |; e! @6 h# R: B6 E4 l They managed somehow., Q0 ~. d3 e5 A1 q: `
(译文同上。) |