一、作表语:形容词和副词的混用
! l$ u# Z/ O/ v! Z$ j0 s* P6 { 1. be + adv. -> be + adj.9 W1 W" v5 e9 [" ^* I* M
eg: be rarly -> be rare! |: ?0 ?! Z( z' t
2. be + noun. + prep -> be + adj. +prep8 l& r5 G" z+ ?" W8 @1 B
eg: be value for -> be valuable for
) H$ E6 L3 B o: \+ g be fame for -> be famous for; |1 N6 B4 j8 v2 Z' n+ _
3. be origin based on 错 表语唯一6 Z, G; k& u& T6 M) a( T
be forcibily 错
2 `2 t( E [. [9 M! @ A be completely enclosed 对
- D8 M" N/ i: l be originally a poem 对2 {0 |2 {# Q( Z: t4 h
be typicaly concerned with 对# N/ ~0 B: S- Q8 T: n( p
be generally with 对
7 U; }- K' z) |8 `5 N ┏数+noun.3 g: V. `) m( ?5 s; D7 V3 p9 ?7 U
be + noun./adj./分词 +┃adj.
. j/ `9 W7 E8 N2 _* X. \3 U ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ┗分词短语) E- Z; Z% e9 N/ t. e7 J( q
┗>adv.
- z% h( C6 r" R1 ` 二、作宾语时,名词和动名词的混用/ Z( Z ?4 r/ e1 _+ O. F5 D D
*原则:名词比动名词优先9 ]7 }0 }' p; t1 p. [& F
from their kinding 错) f2 m, H" K) {# ~
food supplying 错
" @% t3 b& r9 U$ l5 ]8 a% @ 区别:名词作宾语,后面不可接名词# c" w' b+ ]% B" z$ c$ F! C+ `
动名词作宾语,后面可接名词- X% s! U; u p* Q( z. j0 Y
动名词前可加the:the making of any work of art$ M5 A$ K1 |6 j3 ^) C s& G c
动名词前加the 后变化为一个纯粹的名词,不可再加名词了
e9 K* g1 U+ a6 T' W6 z& a 三、状语从句引导词与近义介词/adv.的混用
8 b# v- ?) t& l" w! a 1. when, while/during, in
4 e" Y( Z, ~5 z8 q) B * when, while+ noun. 永远错; q% M% }+ d9 ^2 y5 ?! I
during + 句子 永远错' E& }" n8 l% M+ i0 }7 g2 {4 ~
2. although/despite$ n3 B, o% ~, q: I n ]
despite + 句子 永远错
. O8 v7 D' s& ?' D* `6 F: `& Z4 ?" V despite the fact that 对: V; t2 i+ o; I
3. even though/even5 V% H, `& V& ]: {2 a% z5 U- w4 m7 m6 [
前者为连词,后者为副词* I( U7 i, E0 ]/ M1 d1 s
even + 句子 永远错
7 A. l. F S; Y+ P8 c; L0 z 四、平衡连接词与近义副词的混用3 Y) G3 B# e. B, d! E" y# k
1. and/also
$ A* I0 l! Y+ T4 U$ Z9 D 前连后副: z& p# T1 ^! n8 @
V also V 对; R$ V6 [& P" |7 ?0 G, i7 P8 b
noun. also noun. 错. v1 J' r5 l Z i* C; Q r% d
2. or / else: d# t1 R. e, b' Q5 u
前连后副
8 ^; h) ~7 ]& u7 L7 \% q by scant else by color 错9 }6 I: A l8 q( r( ` N! j% w
3. but/instead& u6 [; B1 z# d
前连后副
% {1 j7 I+ s! p6 x 五、表示人的名词与表示物的同根名词的混用. ?# `. K5 h4 z# p$ ^
architect -> architectural
4 ^! m/ @0 g! s, K0 | v! r- Q inventor -> inventation; X' H9 Z1 T0 t0 G; w) Y( U$ ~
sculptor -> sculpture
# Z1 q. J+ m5 P" O" F+ B$ m- M poet -> poem, poetry$ N4 g# {5 {+ ^
novelist -> novel2 b' O! C R% |' ]
educator -> education* H1 _' o# {" ]: q/ n6 b
settler -> settlement' p. R2 O5 O6 |2 c& u- D
composer -> composition9 m* U+ H# m- B5 C+ U! ^7 D
engineer -> engineering
' Q. V3 {2 H9 h. S" w$ k 六、作定语,名词和形容词的混用, P1 _5 {1 j. R' I
原则:表示同一概念的形容词比名词优先
7 t$ u2 W8 V% I. F. M" \) | eg: certain 比certainty优先/ h& K2 n f0 d( I9 U' y' \
当意义不同时,就无所谓优先
n- r& ]2 k) @9 t 如: color monitor 彩显7 e, F, |$ \. e8 |# K; P' r' n
colorful monitor 外观彩色的显示器3 j% U1 `! j# S) r1 B0 e7 Y! u
colorful effect 多彩的效果* k( x5 Q: o4 U8 |! N, v, D
color effect 彩色效果% V) b8 `" S H/ x; q7 P! s
例外:
- U4 @. {' x% P& f4 { 1. 没有表示同一概念的形容词时,只能用名词修饰+ B7 F9 L5 J6 j7 R
the city or regional planning# T( g! F0 e& v v# r
Beijing city commercial bank6 g) H( g$ o% _2 B" h% M) p
the state government
% F+ L1 r3 i' ?, |0 U* M, X& k, Q V4 { 2. noun. + noun. 为特定含义时,不改为adj.
* g. m# v. a+ U8 n' Y5 \+ j/ ~) W safty glass 防弹玻璃. n, |( P$ z* u; N3 l
exhibition flights 飞行表演: j; k& r1 z, i: E7 H6 m, _
color monitor 彩显& o3 {, C: X: ]7 Q0 Y+ J
3. noun.修饰noun.,表示后一个名词的本质属性,品质,种类时,不改adj.
' f. j# ]3 D9 |) G3 s ***noun. + noun. 最后选
% s1 H% r' ?9 H1 v0 g; r* x beauty salon 对' H5 L+ j+ {$ |( d& W ]7 C
intelligence test 对4 `) t2 \7 d& ` o" f9 v7 X
*noun.+noun.在一起 a. 最后选3 c6 P7 u# b# Z
b. 有无同概念形容词
* q. g7 |& v( y5 p) L' \ c. 看句意
/ A3 a, ^. ]% a 七、作修饰语,形容词和副词的混用
& ^+ P3 y) J) j: a5 t 1. 副词永远不能修饰名词
( Z0 ?, r2 a5 e5 ^ up arms -> upper arms
4 C3 Q; g1 m5 _1 d G& \. L+ _5 x3 O 注意陷阱:adv. + 同位语' `+ n' t1 m) r; r) O8 \
* special 永远改 especially
/ U3 ^% k" ?4 E2 J The common cold, (which is) normally a minor illness, can threaten( n1 M8 `4 b# u( x: g
the health of patient." G" `5 y2 l6 Y2 J1 o
2. adj. + adj. + noun.- u. S; r s. w- z1 G
依次修饰关系
2 V- X0 J, S+ P1 m an old red car/ [4 S: D6 P: R
a frequent pretty girl(??)6 k" [" S) S; \2 e. E
3. adv. + 数 + noun. ; 数 + adj. + noun. 对
4 _6 k8 e3 X6 N$ _' a 数 + adv. + noun. ; adj. + 数 + noun. 错 ~, m/ i5 d* t0 W
adv. + 数 + adj. + noun. 对9 [6 {; d3 W2 m Y' D* ]
4. ┏ adj." ~1 H6 V) F, r5 `- a l5 s
┃ V1 T3 i/ `4 c2 w) j& n. ]
adj. + ┃ prep.
W; E8 _; y& \! ]) e# \. ] ~~~~ ┃ adv.. i. L$ _4 w* M* b; Q5 L
┗>adv. ┃ 分词短语" O4 ~" h) J& T/ B4 ]. b5 H; ] i5 b
┗ 数词 |